Download AP Euro Ch. 20 Study Guide

AP EUROPEAN HISTORY
CHAPTER 20 STUDY GUIDE
“The Revolution in Energy and Industry”
ce. 1765 - 1855
CHAPTER TIMELINE
--1765
--1795
--1810
--1825
--1855
Page 1 of 5
SECTION 1 – The Industrial Revolution in Britain
1-
Why did the Industrial Revolution begin in England?
2-
Describe the energy crisis in England. How was it solved?
3-
What was the relationship between the steam engine and the coal mine? The railroad and the coal mine?
4-
What impact did the railroad have on (a) the factory system, (b) the rural workers, (c) the outlook and values of
society?
5-
How did the change in textile production affect employment in spinning and weaving for adults and children?
Important terms
Industrial Revolution
Real wages
Thomas Malthus
David Ricardo
Crystal Palace
Cartwright’s power loom
Spinning jenny
Henry Cort
James Hargreaves
James Watt
George Stephenson
Page 2 of 5
SECTION 2 – Industrialization Beyond Britain
1-
What effect did the French Revolution and the wars of 1792-1815 have on the economies of the continental states?
What were the variations in the timing and extent of industrialization in the United States, Belgium, Germany, and
France?
2-
What disadvantages and advantages were felt by countries that industrialized after Great Britain?
3-
What do the careers of Cockerill, Harkort, and List tell us about the problems and methods of industrialization on the
Continent?
4-
What was the purpose of the Zollverein? Of the Credit Mobilier?
Important terms
Iron law of wages
Zollverein
Tariff protection
Fredrich List
SECTION 3 – New Patterns of Working and Living
1-
Did Britain’s new industrial middle class ruthlessly exploit the workers?
2-
Did the standard of living improve or decline between 1790 and 1850? What about other factors, such as diet and
working conditions?
3-
What was the effect of the factory system in Britain on the family?
Page 3 of 5
Important terms
Factory Acts
Separate spheres
Mines Act of 1842
Robert Owen
SECTION 4 – Relations Between Capital and Labor
1-
What was the subcontract system and how did it work? Did it have a negative or a positive impact on working-class
life?
2-
What is meant by the term sexual division of labor? What are the various theories about its emergence?
3-
What were the goals and accomplishments of the Chartists?
Important terms
Luddites
Andrew Ure
Combination Acts
Friedrich Engles
Page 4 of 5
INDIVIDUALS IN SOCIETY – Josiah Wedgwood
1-
How and why did Wedgwood succeed?
2-
Was Wedgwood a good boss or a bad one? Why?
3-
How did Wedgwood exemplify the new class of factory owners?
Primary Source 20.3 – The Testimony of Young Mine Workers
1-
To what extent are the testimonies of Ann Eggley and Patience Kershaw in harmony with that of Payne?
2-
Describe the work of Eggley and Kershaw. What do you think of their work? Why?
3-
What strikes you most about the lives of these workers?
4-
The witnesses were responding to questions from middle-class commissioners. What did the commissioners seem
interested in? Why?
GEOGRAPHY
Four of Europe’s most important centers of modern industry are (a) the Manchester-Sheffield area, (b) the Ruhr valley, (c) the
Liege region, and (d) the Roubaix region. Locate these regions on Map 20.1 and Map 20.2. What countries are they in? What do
they have in common?
Page 5 of 5