Download Unit 4 Study Guide - Effingham County Schools

Name ___________________________________________________________ Period _______Date ______________
Unit 10: Populations and Human Ecology STUDY GUIDE
You can write on this sheet or on another sheet of paper. FILL IN THE FOLLOWING BLANKS WITH THE
PROPER DEFINITION and/or DESCRIPTION:
Populations can be described in terms of three things:
1. Population size = ________________________________________________________________________________
2. Population density = _____________________________________________________________________________
3. Population dispersion =___________________________________________________________________________
4. The 3 types of dispersion are (provide definition & example):
a. Random = _______________________________________________________________________________
i. Benefit is _________________________________________________________________________
b. Uniform = _______________________________________________________________________________
i. Benefit is to reduce _________________________________________________________________
c. Clumped = ______________________________________________________________________________
5. Growth rate = __________________________________________________________________________________
a. Occurs when new individuals are added by ___________________ or ____________________________
Or when individuals are lost due to __________________________ or ___________________________
6. The two kinds of population growth are:
a. ___________________________________________________________ growth; __________-shaped
i. Defined as: ____________________________________________________________________
ii. Occurs when there’s plenty of resources, little competition and predation
b. ___________________________________________________________ growth; ___________- shaped
iii. Defined as: ____________________________________________________________________
iv. Occurs when the population levels off at carrying capacity
7. Carrying capacity = ______________________________________________________________________________
8. Factors that limit population growth are:
a. _________________________________________________________________ factors (related to pop size)
Examples: ____________________________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________ factors (control pop regardless of size)
Examples: ____________________________________________________________________________
9. Reproductive potential = _______________________________________________________________________
a. High reproductive potential is seen in organisms like: _________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________
10. There are 2 kinds of organisms with respect to population growth:
a. r-selected organisms = _____________________________________________________________________
Examples: _____________________________________________________________________
b. K-selected organisms = ____________________________________________________________________
Examples: _____________________________________________________________________
11. r-selected organisms tend to mature __________________________________________________ (rapidly or slowly),
have _________________________________ (many or few) offspring, and are opportunistic (invade new areas).
12. K-selected organisms tend to mature __________________________________________________ (rapidly or slowly),
have _________________________________ (many or few) offspring, and care for their young.
TURN OVER
13. Many r-selected organisms are ___________________ species (what we call invaders), while many K-selected
organisms are _______________________________________________________________ (close to extinction).
14. Demography = __________________________________________________________________________________
15. Developed countries examples:_____________________________________________________________________
a. Have HIGH or LOW birth rate? _________________________________
16. Developing countries examples: ____________________________________________________________________
a. Have HIGH or LOW birth rate? _____________________
17. Factors that affect a country’s population growth include:
a. Type of _________________________________________________ - the more agricultural, the more
children people tend to have
b. Status of ________________________________________________ - if given rights to education and work,
tend to have fewer children
c. Cultural beliefs, like the importance of having ___________________________________
d. Religious beliefs
18. Properties used to predict future population changes:
a. Age structure = ___________________________________________________________________________
Developing countries’ age structure diagrams look like __________________________________
Developed countries’ age structure diagrams look like rectangles; more even among age classes
b. Fertility rate = ____________________________________________________________________________
c. Migration
d. Doubling time = __________________________________________________________________________
19. What is the Rule of 70? ___________________________________________________________________________
20. Demographic Transition = _________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________
a. Stage 1: pre-industrial/ agricultural economy: HIGH birth rate and HIGH death rate
b. Stage 2: population explosion due to scientific & industrial improvements; ___________ birth rate, low death
c. Stage 3: Birth rates slow, so growth slows overall
d. Stage 4: Growth rate ______________________________________________________________ or declines
Current human population ~ 7.5 billion
21. Problems with human population growth include (name at least 5 problems):
1. _____________________________________________________________________________________
2. _____________________________________________________________________________________
3. _____________________________________________________________________________________
4. _____________________________________________________________________________________
5. _____________________________________________________________________________________
22. How do governments slow down population growth: ___________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________________