Download What is a valence shell, and what property can be

What is a valence shell, and what property can be determined by it.
With reference to free electrons, explain how positive and negative ions are formed.
Explain what makes copper, with its 29 electrons, a good conductor, and hence
sketch the atomic structure of a copper atom.
(i)
Explain the difference between transverse and longitudinal waves.
(i)
In what fundamental way does a sound wave differ from an electromagnetic
wave?
(ii)
How does the phenomenon of the Doppler Effect differ between sound and EM
waves?
(iii)
For source speeds u that are small compared to c, the observed frequency f ’
from a source with frequency f is given by:
f ' = f (1 ± u/c)
What do the above statement and corresponding equation describe?
What is free fall, and when is an object in free fall?
(c)
PN junction diodes can be represented as either ideal or practical models. A
complete model is a combination of the two.
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
Draw the circuit diagram that represents the complete diode model under
forward bias conditions. Indicate on your diagram the direction of electron
current flow, and label the components used.
Draw the circuit diagram that represents the complete diode model under
reverse bias conditions. Indicate on your diagram the direction of electron
current flow, and label the components used.
Sketch the voltage-current characteristics for the complete diode model.