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Lithosphere
“The Lake District is an area of outstanding glaciated scenery which attracts an
increasingly high number of visitors each year, leading to environmental conflicts.”
Q1.Explain the environmental conflicts that may occur due to this high influx of visitors.
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Q2.Give examples of the measures taken to resolve these environmental conflicts and
comment on their effectiveness.
5
Q3. Explain the conditions and processes involved in the formation of a coastal feature.
You may wish to use an annotated diagram or diagrams.
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Headlands and Bays
Stack
Spit
Q4.Explain the conditions and processes involved in the formation of a corrie.
You may wish to use an annotated diagram or diagrams.
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You may wish to use an annotated diagram or diagrams.
Q5. Explain the conditions and processes involved in the formation how one of the
following features of glacial deposition is formed:
• terminal moraine
4
Scree is a feature of both glaciated and limestone upland landscapes.
(Q6. Explain the conditions and processes which encourage the formation
of scree slopes. 4
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Atmosphere
Q1. Explain the variation in rainfall within West Africa.
Specimen Paper Question 3
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Q2. Explain why there is a surplus of solar energy in the tropical latitudes and a deficit of
solar energy towards the poles.
You may wish to use an annotated diagram or diagrams.
Study Reference Diagram Q5 which shows surface winds and pressure zones.
(Q3. Explain how circulation cells in the atmosphere and the associated surface
winds assist in the transfer of energy between areas of surplus and deficit.
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“Energy is transferred from areas of surplus, between 35 ºN and 35 ºS, to areas of
deficit, polewards from 35 ºN and 35 ºS, by both oceanic and atmospheric circulation.”
Study Reference Map Q5 which shows selected ocean currents in the North Atlantic
Ocean.
Q4. Explain how they help to maintain the global energy balance.
3
Hydrosphere
Study Diagram Q6A.
“A drainage basin is an open system with four elements—inputs, storage, transfers
and outputs.”
Q1. Explain the movement of water within a drainage basin with reference to the four
elements above.
4
Q2. Study Reference Diagram Q6.
Explain the differences in discharge between the urban and rural
hydrographs shown in the diagram following a heavy rain storm. 4
Q3. Explain the changing river levels on the River Thaw at Cowbridge on 26 July 2007.
Biosphere
Look at Diagram Q2.
Q1Explain how factors such as those shown in the diagram affect the formation of a brown
earth soil.
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3
Q2.For a podsol soil, explain the main conditions and soil-forming processes which have led
to its formation.
5
Urban
Q1.With reference to a developed world city you have studied, explain the impact of
recent housing changes that have taken place in the inner city.
6
Q2.For Glasgow, or a named city you have studied in the Developed World, explain why it
suffers from traffic congestion.
5
Study Map Q4.
Q3.For Glasgow, or any named developed world city you have studied, explain schemes
which have been introduced to reduce problems of traffic management in the Central
Business District.
5
Q4) Many cities in the Developing World are experiencing rapid population growth.
With reference to a named city that you have studied in the Developing World:
explain the problems caused by this rapid growth
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Question 5
For Beijing, or any named city you have studied in the developing world, evaluate the
strategies employed to manage traffic congestion.
Population
Q1A. Outline the ways in which countries can obtain accurate population data. 3
“Apart from 1941, during the Second World War, the UK has carried out a census every 10
years
since 1801.”
Q2a.Explain why it is important for countries to obtain accurate population data when
gathering data using a census.
3
5
Q2B.Study Diagram Q6.
Explain the problems the Scottish Government may face as a result of the changes in
Scotland’s population structure.
5marks
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Q4.Referring to a named case study, analyse the impact of migration on either the donor
country or the receiving country.
5
Study Diagram Q7A
Q5. Explain the population structure of Malawi in 2010.
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Q5. With reference to countries you have studied explain the cause of either an example of
forced or voluntary migration.
5
Rural Degradation.
For either Africa north of the equator, or the Amazon Basin:
Q1. Explain how human activities, including inappropriate farming techniques,
have led to rural land degradation.
5
Q2. Referring to named locations in either Africa north of the Equator or the Amazon
Basin, explain the impact of land degradation on the people, economy and the
environment.
5
Question 3
Referring to either a named rainforest or a named semi-arid area, explain the techniques
used to combat rural land degradation.
4
For named areas in North America and Africa north of the Equator or the
Amazon Basin:
(i) explain soil conservation strategies that have reduced land
degradation;
(ii) evaluate on the effectiveness of these strategies.
6
Development and Health
Q1. Explain why using only one development indicator, such as Gross Domestic
Product (GDP) per capita, may fail to reflect accurately the true quality of life
within a country.
5
Q2. “Number of people per doctor” is an example of a social indicator of development.
Name fully two other social indicators and two economic indicators which might
identify different levels of development.
Q3 Referring to named developing countries that you have studied, explain why there is
such a wide range in levels of development between developing countries.
4
Malaria, cholera and bilharzia/schistosomiasis are water related diseases which
remain the biggest causes of death in Developing Countries.
Select one of the diseases above.
Q4 Explain the physical and human factors which put people at risk of
contracting the disease.
4
Q5.For malaria, or bilharzia, or cholera, describe the measures that can be taken to
combat the disease and explain the varying effectiveness of these measures.
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Q6. “The ultimate goal of Primary Health Care is better health for all.”
(World Health Organisation)
For Primary Health Care strategies that you have studied, explain why these strategies are
suited to Developing Countries.
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Q7 Evaluate the effectiveness of some specific primary health care strategies employed in
developing countries you have studied.
4
Climate Change.
Question 1 — Global Climate Change
(a) Explain the physical factors affecting climate change.
(b) Evaluate the effectiveness of the strategies used to:
(i) reduce the emissions of greenhouse gases;
(ii) manage the local effects of climate change.
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