Download Title - Iowa State University

The Immune System
Supplemental Instruction
Iowa State University
Leader:
Course:
Instructor:
Date:
Chelsea P
AN S 214
Dr. Keating
3/23/16
1. What is the main way that interferons hinder pathogen activity?
Block viral reproductiontranscription of virus
2. Using the diagram to the right, indicate what occurs
to activate an interferon and the response it invokes:
Step 1: virus enters cells
Step 2: interferon genes turn ON
Step 3: cell produces interferon molecules in response to
genes switching on
Step 4: interferon binding stimulates cell to turn on
genes for antiviral proteins
Step 5: antiviral proteins block viral reproduction
7. What are the benefits of fever? Increased fever equals increased metabolic rate, which means
increased efficient repair
8. What are the dangers of a high fever? Can cause denature of enzymes (testis)
9. What are responsible for resetting the body’s thermostat upward and where do they originate?
Pyrogens; secreted from macrophages
10. What are the 3 key characteristics of the adaptive immune response?
*Specific, memory, systemic
11. What are two conditions needed to mature B/T Cells? What happens to self-reactive B cells?
*Immunocompetence and self-tolerance; B cells are killed and sent to spleen
12. Compare/contrast the two types of lymphocytes:
B cells
T cells
Humoral or Cellular
Immunity?
Originate in…
Humoral
Cellular
Bone marrow
Bone marrow
Mature in…
Bone marrow
Thymus
Exported to…
Lymph nodes, spleen, and
other lymphoid organs
Lymph nodes, spleen, and other
lymphoid organs
Major Functions
Make antibodies
Kill specific antigens (lysis) and selfrecognition)
NEW MATERIAL
13. Write in the name of the mechanism of antibody action next to its corresponding description:
Antibodies block specific sites on viruses or bacterial exotoxins,
Neutralization
preventing antigens from binding to receptors on tissue cells
Antibodies bind close together on a cellular antigen, triggering
Complement fixation
complement fixation
and activation
Soluble molecules are cross-linked into large complexes, which
Precipitation
precipitate and are vulnerable to phagocytosis
Antibodies bind the same determinant on more than one cell-bound
Agglutination
antigen, causing clumping of the foreign cells
15. In the diagram to the right, describe what is happening in steps 1-5 of clonal selection:
1: Primary response
2: Antigen binding to a receptor on a specific B lymphocyte
3: Memory B cell-primed to respond to the same antigen
4: Subsequent challenge by same antigen
5: Secreted antibody molecules results in more rapid response
16. What is the purpose of creating memory cells? Memory cells
recognize infection faster
17. What is the difference between the primary response and the secondary response?
Primary response is SLOW, if hit again with same disease secondary response will be much
FASTER. (innate)
18. What are two forms of active humoral immunity, and describe each?
Active: Natural-getting sick/being exposed to antigen Artificial-vaccines
19. What are two forms of passive humoral immunity, and describe each?
Passive: Natural-colostrum Artificial-injection of immune serum
20. What are some benefits of a vaccine? *Artificially acquired via active humoral immunity