Download Notes and Comprehension Questions For First

Social Studies 9
Chapter 8
European Contact
NOTES AND COMPREHENSION QUESTIONS
FOR FIRST HALF OF THE UNIT
So far we have looked at:
 Viking exploration of North America
 Mercantilism as an economic philosophy
 Explorers John Cabot, Jacques Cartier, and Samuel du
Champlain
Use your Crossroads textbook to complete this work package.
You will be given one period of class time and the extra-long
weekend to complete the package
Due: Wednesday May 25, 2016
Ch. 8
Arrival in Canada
Introduction
Europeans began arriving in Canada as early as the 11th C. with Leif Erikson’s settlement
in Vineland (Newfoundland).
Further exploration of Canada would have to wait until the imperial countries such as
England, France and Spain began searching for a western shortcut to Asia through N.
America.
Both the Vikings and the later European colonial countries established contact with the
local native populations.
By the end of the 1400’s, England, Spain and France were all looking west for routes to
Asia to complete with Portugal.
Columbus discovered North America for the Europeans, but nobody knew or realized just
how large of a continent it was.
North America would eventually prove to be a major obstacle to a western route to Asia,
but would, instead, provide Europe with many other riches like furs, fish and raw
resources.
Ch. 8
Arrival in Canada
Introduction p. 216 - 221
Directions: Read pages 216-221 in your text Crossroads – A Meeting of Nations.
A.
Define the following terms. (1 mark each)
1.
Colonize
______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
2.
Monopoly
______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
3.
Imperialism
______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
4.
Letters of Patent
________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
5.
The years from 1450 to 1600 were Europe’s ____________________. European
countries wanted to explore _____________________ and gain the legendary riches of the East.
In 1492 ____________________ tried to find a new trade route to __________. Instead he found
San Salvador and began to colonize the _________________________.
6.
Explorers hoped to reach Asia by sailing through North America! The Spanish and
French, in turn, sent explorers to seek a passage to link the _______________
Ocean with the ___________________. When the French reached Canada and the St. Lawrence
River, they built a commercial empire around the ______________. This economic
___________________________ was not unique to France.
7.
The Native communities gave them access to ___________________ and they built the
successful colony of __________________________. In the Maritimes it was called
___________________. These colonies became the foundation of modern Canada.
8.
Long before the French, the _____________________ from Scandinavia were probably
the first explorers of Canada. They were farmers in their homeland, but very
_______________________. By the 11th century, the Vikings had colonized
_____________________ and _______________________. Evidence of the Viking landings are
recorded in stories known as ______________________ which told of the adventures of
__________________________ to places called ____________________.
9.
In your own words, explain why the 1st European settlement of North America
did not last.
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
10.
Columbus’s journey launched the competition among European nations to open
_____________________ to Asia. An Italian explorer called ___________________ received
permission from Henry VII in the form of a ____________________________. This allowed him
to seek out and occupy distant lands.
11.
Cabot set out in his little ship called __________________ with 19 crew and eventually
found Newfoundland which he claimed for the King and called it ____________________. He
was astonished by the huge schools of _________________
on the _____________________. Following his voyage, English, French, and Portuguese ships
travelled to ____________________________.
a) Why were the Europeans interested in North America and what else did they discover? (2
marks)
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
b) Why did John Cabot explore North America and what did the King of England want him to do
with what he found? (2 marks) ____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
The Fur Trade and The French, English and Dutch
European explorers continued to explore and lay claim to
land in N. America in their search for passages and
profit.
Although a N.W. passage to China was never found, new
trade with the peoples of N. America emerged. Trade in
furs quickly became popular.
At first, the French were only interested in trading
profit, but by the 17th C., they had formed permanent
settlements.
Early on, competing interests between the French and
English resulted in alliances with the local nations like the
Hurons, Algonkins and the Iroquois.
The Europeans quickly became involved in the affairs of
the local natives, choosing sides, forming alliances and
even providing arms.
The French explorer and settlement founder, Champlain,
sided with the Huron Empire and provided them with
arms to attack their enemies the Iroquois.
Champlain continued to build trading posts and continued
to encourage trade between the French and the Native
peoples.
The French Explorers
p. 221 – 225
/27
Name ________________________
Blk ______________
Date ______________________
1.
Provide an example as to how the term was used in the text. (1 marks each).
1. Archipelago________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Scurvy ___________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
3. Treachery_________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Answer the following questions using COMPLETE SENTENCES;
1. What did Giovanni Verrazano discover in 1524? (1 mark)_____________________
_____________________________________________________________________
2. Roughly, how long did it take to travel from Europe to North America? (1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
3.
What were the names of the two Iroquois brothers that Cartier kidnapped?
(1 mark)
________________________________/____________________________________
4. Obviously the cultures of 16th century France would have been different from that
of North America. List four things the brothers would have encountered in France
that would have been completely new to them. (4 marks for thoughtful answers)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
5. Why did King Francis I approve a third voyage? (1 mark)______________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
6. From our view the Natives were being ripped off in the fur trade. Why did the
Natives not see it that way?
(2 marks )
____________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
7. The fur trade started as a way to supplement what other industry? (1 mark)
_____________________________________________________________________
8. Read the primary source on page 222. What does it suggest about Cartier’s
attitude to the Iroquois? (3 marks)
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
1.
Provide definitions for the following words. If you cannot find the definition in the textbook, you
may use a dictionary or look-up the word on line. (1 marks each).
1.
impregnable
_________________________________________________________
2.
coureurs de bois
__________________________________________________________
3.
wampum
___________________________________________________________
4.
missionary
___________________________________________________________
2.
Answer the following questions with thought provoking answers.
a)
In what area were the English looking for the Northwest Passage? (1 mark)
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
b)
What did Humphrey Gilbert threaten to do if anyone challenged his British
claim of ownership of Newfoundland? (1 mark)
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
c)
What country did Samuel De Champlain establish a colony for? (1 mark)
________________________________________________
d)
After the failed Port Royal settlement, where and why did Champlain
attempt a settlement? (2 mark)
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
e)
What two native groups did he ally with? (1 mark)
_____________/_____________
f)
What was the Order of Good Cheer? (2 marks)
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
g)
Describe a dinner that would put you in a good mood. (2 marks)
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
An alliance with the Huron Empire
p. 229 – 232
a)
In what geographic area did the Huron’s live? (1 mark)
________________________________________________________________________
b)
Why did Champlain want to form an alliance with the Huron? (2 marks)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
c)
Why would the Algonkians and Montagnais be uneasy with Champlain
linking up with the Huron nation? (2 marks)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
Read the primary source on page 230, and answer the following questions:
i) Quote the lines that suggest Jamet has made value judgments about the
Hurons?
(2 marks)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
ii)
As a French Catholic missionary living in the early seventeenth century,
could Jamet have avoided making these value judgments? Explain. (2 marks)
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
d)
Describe who the Coureurs De Bois were and describe what they were
supposed to do. (2 marks)
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________