Download NAME Chapter 14: A new Industrial Age Focus During the period

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Chapter 14: A new Industrial Age
Focus

During the period from the Civil War to World War I, the United States underwent an economic
transformation that involved the development of an industrial economy, the expansion of big
business, the growth of large-scale agriculture, and the rise of national labor unions and industrial
conflict.

Technological change spurred growth of industry primarily in northern cities.
Inventions/Innovations
 Corporation (limited liability)
 Bessemer steel process
 Light bulb (Thomas Edison) and electricity as a source of power and light
 Telephone (Alexander Graham Bell)
 Airplane (Wright brothers)
 Assembly-line manufacturing (Henry Ford)
Industrial leaders
 Andrew Carnegie (steel)
 J. P. Morgan (finance)
 John D. Rockefeller (oil)
 Cornelius Vanderbilt (railroads)
Reasons for economic transformation
 Laissez-faire capitalism and special considerations (e.g., land grants to railroad builders)
 The increasing labor supply (from immigration and migration from farms)
 America’s possession of a wealth of natural resources and navigable rivers
Questions
1. What fueled the modern industrial economy?
Directions: Use p. 456 to complete the chart below.
A new Industrial Age
Long-Term
Causes
Immediate
Causes
Immediate
Effects
Long-Term
Effects
Select the letter of the term, name, or phrase that best matches each description. Note:
Some letters may not be used at all. Some may be used more than once. (4 points each)
A. Edwin L. Drake
B. Eugene V. Debs
C. Christopher Sholes
D. John D. Rockefeller
E. Thomas Alva Edison
F. Mary Harris "Mother" Jones
G. George M. Pullman
H. Alexander Graham Bell
I. Andrew Carnegie
J. Henry Bessemer
____ 1. invented the typewriter
____ 2. first successfully used a steam engine to remove oil from beneath the earth's surface
____ 3. ran the American Railway Union and later ran for president several times as a socialist
____ 4. Scottish immigrant who made a fortune in steel and donated most of his profits
____ 5. organized coal miners, their wives, and their children to fight for better working
conditions
____ 6. created trusts and was criticized as a robber baron while serving as head of the
Standard Oil Company
____ 7. perfected the incandescent light bulb, created an electrical power system, and
organized power plants
____ 8. developed a cheap and effective manufacturing process for making steel
____ 9. opened the way for worldwide communications with invention of the telephone
____ 10. railroad-car mogul who built a town to house his employees
Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer. (4 points each)
____ 11. Into how many time zones is the continental United States divided?
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
____ 12. How many hours separate Central and Eastern time?
A. one
B. three
C. four
D. five
____ 13. In 1870, how many railroads reached the West Coast?
A. one
B. two
C. three
D. four
____ 14. Which railway connected Butte and Minneapolis?
A. Great Northern
B. Northern Pacific
C. Union Pacific
D. Illinois Central
____ 15. Which two cities were connected by the Pennsylvania Railway?
A. Los Angeles and Tucson
B. Salt Lake City and Omaha
C. Atlanta and Pittsburgh
D. Pittsburgh and St. Louis
Using the exhibit, choose the letter of the best answer.
____ 16. What is the setting of this cartoon?
A. the boardroom of a large corporation
B. the United States Senate
C. a railway station in a major city
D. a theater with a sold-out show
____ 17. What group do the large men at the back of the room represent?
A. labor organizers
B. wealthy monopolists
C. very powerful senators
D. typical American citizens
____ 18. Who are the smaller men in the picture?
A. U.S. senators
B. industrialists
C. mayors
D. railroad magnates
____ 19. Which entrance to the Senate is closed?
A. the monopolists'
B. the senators'
C. the president's
D. the people's
____ 20. What is the main idea of this cartoon?
A. The Senate is working for the people, not for special interests.
B. Owners of business monopolies control the Senate.
C. Ordinary people are not allowed in the Senate.
D. Senators can be bribed for small amounts of money.