Download Review Quiz 2 Ch 3 and 4 Developmental Psych

Review Quiz #2: Nature v. Nurture / Developmental Psychology
Chapters 3 and 4
1. Piaget developed four stages of ____________________ development. The first stage,
the __________________________ stage, included the accomplishment of
____________________ . A Primary characteristic of the pre-operational stage is
___________________ . Abstract reasoning is a primary accomplishment of the
_____________________________, while conservation occurs in the
_________________________ stage.
2. Piaget believed that toddlers developed basic concepts, or
__________________________ , through early life experiences. The modification of
concepts to fit new experiences is called ___________________________ . the
application of existing concepts to new experiences is called
_________________________________ .
3. Erikson, a neo-Freudian, transformed Freud’s psychosexual stages into
____________________ stages. He theorized that there were _____ stages, with each
presenting a central conflict between the individual’s own personality needs versus
_________________________________ . Erikson’s adolescent stage, referred to as
_______________________________ , is described as the adolescent’s need to define a
sense of self by testing certain roles of identity.
4. Provide two examples of research that has provided evidence in support of the idea that
personality is chiefly determined by genetics. ______________________________ ,
_______________________________ .
5. The extent to which variation among individuals can be attributed to genetics is called
________________________________ .
6. Two secondary sex characteristics for males are _________________________ and
_________________________________ .
7. Studies done by ____________________ involved baby monkeys that were provided two
choices, a wire caged mother with a bottle, or a terry clothed mother without food. This
study confirmed that _______________ is the primary influence in attachment. Another
attachment study conducted by Lorentz demonstrated how some newborn species would
attach themselves to whatever they saw first, a phenomenon known as
__________________________.
8. Decreased response due to repeated stimulation is known as __________________ .
Temperament is characterized as and individual’s _______________________________ .
9. Kohlberg established stages of ____________________ development.
a. Preconventional = __________________ or punishment (self-interest)
b. __________________ = peer approval. (Adolescence)
c. __________________ = values are individualized (rights and values of the
individual)
10. _____________________ are damaging agents (chemicals) passed from the mother to a
fetus during pregnancy.
11. ______________________ intelligence, or speedy abstract reasoning, tends to peak in
the 20’s and slowly recedes with adult development. _____________________
intelligence, or factual knowledge continues to increase though the life span.
12. Alzheimer’s disease is partly caused by a problem with this neurotransmitter:
____________________ .
13. A ______________________________ is a research study comparing different specified
age groups. A __________________________ study tracks one age group over time.
14. The onset of menstruation is called the ___________________ and the ending of
menstruation is called ________________________ .
15. Of the three parenting styles, ____________________ reflects parents who set very few
rules. _____________________ parents set rules but explain them and allow discussion,
while _____________________ set rules and expect strict obedience.
16. The _________________ reflex occurs when a baby’s cheek is touched and it
instinctively turns to feed.
17. The fertilized egg will develop into a boy if an _______ chromosome is contributed to
the mother’s egg.
18. Which of the following cognitive abilities has been shown to decline during adulthood?
a. ability to quickly process problems
b. ability to recognize new information
c. ability to deal with moral issues
d. ability to develop crystallized intelligence
e. ability to use judgments in dealing with life’s daily problems
19. One of the theories on why adolescents are so emotionally charged and impulsive is that the
limbic system has fully developed and the _____________________________ has not ,
resulting in emotional sentiment taking precedence over reason.