NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES WHO SHALL LIVE AND WHO SHALL DIE?
... Though the facade of the United States Supreme Courthouse assures “Equal justice under law,” many observers of the U.S. legal system are concerned that biases lead to unfair treatment in the courts based on race, social class or gender. In 2000, about 47 percent of all inmates in state prisons were ...
... Though the facade of the United States Supreme Courthouse assures “Equal justice under law,” many observers of the U.S. legal system are concerned that biases lead to unfair treatment in the courts based on race, social class or gender. In 2000, about 47 percent of all inmates in state prisons were ...
The High Cost of Incarceration in Florida: Recommendations for
... roughly tripled between 1970 and 2014, its prison population increased by more than 1,000%. This profound growth occurred largely after the federal government and numerous states, including Florida, enacted various “tough on crime” policies aimed at incapacitating violent and nonviolent offenders al ...
... roughly tripled between 1970 and 2014, its prison population increased by more than 1,000%. This profound growth occurred largely after the federal government and numerous states, including Florida, enacted various “tough on crime” policies aimed at incapacitating violent and nonviolent offenders al ...
Positive Reentry Parole
... including benchmarks to be accomplished. The plan will be measured while the inmate is in prison as well as when they go onto parole. If an applicant is not accepted for release, specific reasons will be given as to why. Steps to be taken will be listed for the applicant so he/she knows what is expe ...
... including benchmarks to be accomplished. The plan will be measured while the inmate is in prison as well as when they go onto parole. If an applicant is not accepted for release, specific reasons will be given as to why. Steps to be taken will be listed for the applicant so he/she knows what is expe ...
alive and free: rethinking how we help and support young people at
... costs of gun violence for young men and their community, including examples of people the young men know who have chosen to engage in violence and the consequences they experienced; communicate the partnership’s deep commitment to keeping them alive and free from jail and prison; and explicitly requ ...
... costs of gun violence for young men and their community, including examples of people the young men know who have chosen to engage in violence and the consequences they experienced; communicate the partnership’s deep commitment to keeping them alive and free from jail and prison; and explicitly requ ...
Marijuana for Non-Therapeutic Purposes (Policy Brief)
... medical and scientific research purposes. The Convention states that use and related activities (production, distribution, etc.) should be punishable offenses; however it also offers the option of diversion to treatment where appropriate.5 The enforcement of marijuana laws has a significant impact o ...
... medical and scientific research purposes. The Convention states that use and related activities (production, distribution, etc.) should be punishable offenses; however it also offers the option of diversion to treatment where appropriate.5 The enforcement of marijuana laws has a significant impact o ...
Vo n ·ary in oxica·o an t e·ns nity defense
... that reiterated the opinion of the previous cases, and it drew further support from a New York case, People v. Rogers,l2 from which it quoted directly: If it (the inestimable gift of reason) is perverted or destroyed by fixed disease, though brought on by his own vices, the law holds him not account ...
... that reiterated the opinion of the previous cases, and it drew further support from a New York case, People v. Rogers,l2 from which it quoted directly: If it (the inestimable gift of reason) is perverted or destroyed by fixed disease, though brought on by his own vices, the law holds him not account ...
Seeking Justice after a Dictatorship: Ethical Dilemmas
... equal rights and liberties of individuals and secure each of them a fair share of the social goods that are necessary to pursue their ends, behind a “veil of ignorance”. This “veil of ignorance” deny individuals certain types of information about themselves preventing them from choosing principles f ...
... equal rights and liberties of individuals and secure each of them a fair share of the social goods that are necessary to pursue their ends, behind a “veil of ignorance”. This “veil of ignorance” deny individuals certain types of information about themselves preventing them from choosing principles f ...
A comparison of punishment exchange rates between offenders
... by comparing perceptions of Kentucky probation and parole officers regarding the amount of alternative sanctions that offenders would serve to avoid one year of imprisonment to perceptions of the offenders whom they supervised regarding the same topic. Based on analysis of data from an electronic su ...
... by comparing perceptions of Kentucky probation and parole officers regarding the amount of alternative sanctions that offenders would serve to avoid one year of imprisonment to perceptions of the offenders whom they supervised regarding the same topic. Based on analysis of data from an electronic su ...
The Effect of Prison Population
... The incarceration rate in the United States has more than tripled in the last two decades. At year-end 1994 the United States prison population exceeded one million. Annual government outlays on prisons are roughly $40 billion per year. The rate of imprisonment in the United States is three to four ...
... The incarceration rate in the United States has more than tripled in the last two decades. At year-end 1994 the United States prison population exceeded one million. Annual government outlays on prisons are roughly $40 billion per year. The rate of imprisonment in the United States is three to four ...
Gender Differences in Criminal Sentencing: Do Effects Vary Across
... expressed in judicial outcomes. Because it has been more extensively researched and developed, we will concentrate on focal concerns theory. According to this view, constraints on the amount of time judges can spend on their cases and other factors mean that judges generally receive incomplete infor ...
... expressed in judicial outcomes. Because it has been more extensively researched and developed, we will concentrate on focal concerns theory. According to this view, constraints on the amount of time judges can spend on their cases and other factors mean that judges generally receive incomplete infor ...
Ward Punishment Practice 21 - Victoria University of Wellington
... Retributive theories are backward looking and justify punishment in terms of “its intrinsic justice as a response to crime” (Duff, 2002- p19). The primary aim of punishment is to hold offenders accountable for crimes by inflicting burdens that are roughly equal in harm to those inflicted on their vi ...
... Retributive theories are backward looking and justify punishment in terms of “its intrinsic justice as a response to crime” (Duff, 2002- p19). The primary aim of punishment is to hold offenders accountable for crimes by inflicting burdens that are roughly equal in harm to those inflicted on their vi ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Controlling Crime: Strategies and Tradeoffs
... heroin epidemic nor in the 1980s and early 1990s without reference to powder and crack cocaine. The highly punitive regime in place now for drug offenders is largely a response to the association of these epidemics with crime waves. Yet these drug epidemics unfolded a long time ago, with apparently l ...
... heroin epidemic nor in the 1980s and early 1990s without reference to powder and crack cocaine. The highly punitive regime in place now for drug offenders is largely a response to the association of these epidemics with crime waves. Yet these drug epidemics unfolded a long time ago, with apparently l ...
Prepare Clients for Employment
... The Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has an extensive history of supporting programs that assist individuals with substance abuse and/or mental health disorders who are involved in the criminal and juvenile justice systems. While providing treatment services is the prog ...
... The Substance Abuse Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) has an extensive history of supporting programs that assist individuals with substance abuse and/or mental health disorders who are involved in the criminal and juvenile justice systems. While providing treatment services is the prog ...
Prison: the facts - Prison Reform Trust
... for policy and practice change. The facts chart the extraordinary rise in prison numbers over the last twenty years, inflation in sentencing and the social and economic consequences of overuse of custody. Revealing as they do the state of our overcrowded prisons and the state of people in them, thes ...
... for policy and practice change. The facts chart the extraordinary rise in prison numbers over the last twenty years, inflation in sentencing and the social and economic consequences of overuse of custody. Revealing as they do the state of our overcrowded prisons and the state of people in them, thes ...
IMPROVING JUVENILE JUSTICE
... Much emphasis on treatment in stead of punishment. Later on this led to a broadly supported extra-judicial diversionary practice, on the level of the police as well as on the level of the public prosecutor, often in collaboration with social agencies. Considerable efforts are made to reduce the ...
... Much emphasis on treatment in stead of punishment. Later on this led to a broadly supported extra-judicial diversionary practice, on the level of the police as well as on the level of the public prosecutor, often in collaboration with social agencies. Considerable efforts are made to reduce the ...
drug courts - Open Society Foundations
... Programmes that offer alternatives to prison and combine both law enforcement and individual recovery components have proved to be effective both in treating health conditions associated with drug abuse and in reducing crime; they may also prevent young drug abusers from coming into contact with the ...
... Programmes that offer alternatives to prison and combine both law enforcement and individual recovery components have proved to be effective both in treating health conditions associated with drug abuse and in reducing crime; they may also prevent young drug abusers from coming into contact with the ...
race and medicalization of drug addiction
... men to make them stronger, rebellious, and less vulnerable to modern weapons; the fear was that cocaine would cause them to go on unstoppable violent crime sprees (Courtwright 2001; Musto 1999; Cohen 2006). These successful campaigns led to the ...
... men to make them stronger, rebellious, and less vulnerable to modern weapons; the fear was that cocaine would cause them to go on unstoppable violent crime sprees (Courtwright 2001; Musto 1999; Cohen 2006). These successful campaigns led to the ...
Pathways of Impact: How Transitional Justice Affects Democratic
... Efforts at measuring transitional justice impact thus need to focus on particular dimensions of democracy, rather than rely on a single aggregate measurement of democracy. Transitional justice is for instance unlikely to determine what kind of electoral system is adopted (though it can impact electo ...
... Efforts at measuring transitional justice impact thus need to focus on particular dimensions of democracy, rather than rely on a single aggregate measurement of democracy. Transitional justice is for instance unlikely to determine what kind of electoral system is adopted (though it can impact electo ...
Managing and Treating Justice-Involved Individuals with Intellectual
... been diagnosed as ID and are supported by services provided by the agency. As such, they may not be representative of the full range of individuals with ID. Many individuals with ID are not legally or diagnostically defined as such (Jones, 2007), so we do not have a complete picture of the prevalenc ...
... been diagnosed as ID and are supported by services provided by the agency. As such, they may not be representative of the full range of individuals with ID. Many individuals with ID are not legally or diagnostically defined as such (Jones, 2007), so we do not have a complete picture of the prevalenc ...
Brown v. Plata: Renewing the Call to End Mandatory Minimum
... manufacture and sale of alcohol. See, e.g., National Prohibition (Volstead) Act, Pub. L. No. 6666, 41 Stat. 305 (1919) (punishing second and subsequent convictions for manufacturing or selling alcohol with mandatory minimum one month prison term). However, it was not until ...
... manufacture and sale of alcohol. See, e.g., National Prohibition (Volstead) Act, Pub. L. No. 6666, 41 Stat. 305 (1919) (punishing second and subsequent convictions for manufacturing or selling alcohol with mandatory minimum one month prison term). However, it was not until ...
WEST VIRGINIA CERTIFICATION BOARD
... The authority of the West Virginia Certification Board for Addiction and Prevention Professionals is derived from the persons who are dedicated to serve as addiction professionals and who will be most affected by certification. Application for certification is voluntary. Individuals seeking it choos ...
... The authority of the West Virginia Certification Board for Addiction and Prevention Professionals is derived from the persons who are dedicated to serve as addiction professionals and who will be most affected by certification. Application for certification is voluntary. Individuals seeking it choos ...
Reaction Essay: Crime (Control) is a Choice: Divergent Perspectives
... getting caught for crimes they are about to commit. This is not because they don’t consider the imposition of a prison sentence to be a negative experience; rather, it is because they know that the risk of getting caught is extremely low: (Farabee, 2005:54). “Third, social programs have not and neve ...
... getting caught for crimes they are about to commit. This is not because they don’t consider the imposition of a prison sentence to be a negative experience; rather, it is because they know that the risk of getting caught is extremely low: (Farabee, 2005:54). “Third, social programs have not and neve ...
- Alley Oop Gymnastics Center
... Alley Oop Gymnastics Center is an equal employment opportunity employer which selects the individual who is the best match for a position based on job-related qualifications, without regard to race, color, creed, sex, national origin, religion, sexual preference, age, disability, or other protected ...
... Alley Oop Gymnastics Center is an equal employment opportunity employer which selects the individual who is the best match for a position based on job-related qualifications, without regard to race, color, creed, sex, national origin, religion, sexual preference, age, disability, or other protected ...
public opinion and corrections: recent findings in canada - CSC-SCC
... 2004 asked Canadians to rate their knowledge of the federal correctional system. Given four response options, “very”, “somewhat”, “not very” or “not at all” informed, only 7% rated themselves as very informed, while 40% responded with “somewhat informed”. Similar trends emerge from surveys conducted ...
... 2004 asked Canadians to rate their knowledge of the federal correctional system. Given four response options, “very”, “somewhat”, “not very” or “not at all” informed, only 7% rated themselves as very informed, while 40% responded with “somewhat informed”. Similar trends emerge from surveys conducted ...