neuropathology of dopamine systems in schizophrenia
... et al., 1982; Sadikot and Parent, 1990; Gaspar et al., 1992; Sanchez-Gonzalez et al., 2005; Menke et al., 2010) [Figure 2]. ...
... et al., 1982; Sadikot and Parent, 1990; Gaspar et al., 1992; Sanchez-Gonzalez et al., 2005; Menke et al., 2010) [Figure 2]. ...
Dopaminergic control of the globus pallidus and its impact
... The work of my thesis is a part of integrative neurobiology and focuses on studying the control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influe ...
... The work of my thesis is a part of integrative neurobiology and focuses on studying the control exerted by dopamine on basal ganglia (BG), especially the "external part of globus pallidus or GPe". GPe being a nucleus, which plays a key role in the control of movement by exerting an inhibitory influe ...
The subthalamic nucleus in the context of movement disorders
... respectively, to (i) globus pallidus externus (GPe), GPi and substantia nigra reticulata (SNr) (21.3%), (ii) GPe and SNr (2.7%), (iii) GPe and GPi (48%), and (iv) GPe only (10.7%). The remaining projecting ®bres course towards the striatum, but their terminals have not been fully characterized (17.3 ...
... respectively, to (i) globus pallidus externus (GPe), GPi and substantia nigra reticulata (SNr) (21.3%), (ii) GPe and SNr (2.7%), (iii) GPe and GPi (48%), and (iv) GPe only (10.7%). The remaining projecting ®bres course towards the striatum, but their terminals have not been fully characterized (17.3 ...
Control of Extracellular Dopamine at Dendrite and Axon Terminals
... Comparison of the time course of the dopamine transient in the VTA, SNc, and striatum FSCV with carbon fiber electrodes was used to compare the time course of dopamine release from axonal terminals in the dorsal striatum and dendritic terminals in the VTA. A single stimulus evoked release of dopamin ...
... Comparison of the time course of the dopamine transient in the VTA, SNc, and striatum FSCV with carbon fiber electrodes was used to compare the time course of dopamine release from axonal terminals in the dorsal striatum and dendritic terminals in the VTA. A single stimulus evoked release of dopamin ...
Update on models of basal ganglia function and dysfunction
... neurons express D1-family dopamine receptors, while indirect pathway neurons express D2-family receptors [17]. Studies in rodents have also suggested that the direct and indirect pathways receive inputs from distinct groups of cortical neurons [18], but these results are difficult to reconcile with p ...
... neurons express D1-family dopamine receptors, while indirect pathway neurons express D2-family receptors [17]. Studies in rodents have also suggested that the direct and indirect pathways receive inputs from distinct groups of cortical neurons [18], but these results are difficult to reconcile with p ...
L-Dopa and Brain Serotonin System Dysfunction
... transport into the CNS, L-dopa is then converted into dopamine by aromatic amino-acid decarboxylase (AADC), an enzyme that is not specific to dopamine neurons but is found in many different cells including glia and endothelia, as well as 5-HTergic neurons [23–26]. In fact, 5-HT neurons have been sho ...
... transport into the CNS, L-dopa is then converted into dopamine by aromatic amino-acid decarboxylase (AADC), an enzyme that is not specific to dopamine neurons but is found in many different cells including glia and endothelia, as well as 5-HTergic neurons [23–26]. In fact, 5-HT neurons have been sho ...
α-Synuclein and dopamine at the crossroads of Parkinson`s disease
... has been reported in mice lacking α-synuclein [52]. This result is in line with an increase in recovery from paired-pulse depression (PPD) that has been reported in striatal slices in one study [44], although another study found no such change in PPD [53]. Mice lacking either α- or γ-synuclein alone ...
... has been reported in mice lacking α-synuclein [52]. This result is in line with an increase in recovery from paired-pulse depression (PPD) that has been reported in striatal slices in one study [44], although another study found no such change in PPD [53]. Mice lacking either α- or γ-synuclein alone ...
Kandel ch. 43 + Two review papers
... highly organized connections with virtually the entire cerebral cortex, as well as the hippocampus and amygdala. Finally, a wide range of motor and nonmotor behaviors have been correlated with activity in individual basal ganglia neurons in experimental animals and with metabolic activity in the bas ...
... highly organized connections with virtually the entire cerebral cortex, as well as the hippocampus and amygdala. Finally, a wide range of motor and nonmotor behaviors have been correlated with activity in individual basal ganglia neurons in experimental animals and with metabolic activity in the bas ...
Parallel basal ganglia circuits for voluntary and
... turn give rise to the functional specialization within the striatum: limbic functions more medially versus sensorimotor functions more laterally (Parent, 1990; Brown et al., 1998; Haber et al., 2000). This medial-lateral functional topography is present in both rodents and primates (Yin and Knowlton ...
... turn give rise to the functional specialization within the striatum: limbic functions more medially versus sensorimotor functions more laterally (Parent, 1990; Brown et al., 1998; Haber et al., 2000). This medial-lateral functional topography is present in both rodents and primates (Yin and Knowlton ...
Behavioural Brain Research Learning processing in the basal ganglia
... temporal lobe were considered to be components of the declarative memory system and the striatum was considered to be a critical component of the nondeclarative or procedural memory system. Nowadays there are many theories to explain the role of the basal ganglia in cognitive and motor functions. On ...
... temporal lobe were considered to be components of the declarative memory system and the striatum was considered to be a critical component of the nondeclarative or procedural memory system. Nowadays there are many theories to explain the role of the basal ganglia in cognitive and motor functions. On ...
Midbrain fMRI: Applications, Limitations and Challenges
... ent mesencephalic nuclei was mainly driven by the goal to characterize structural changes in neurodegenerative pathology, such as Parkinson’s disease, or to localize targets for stereotactic neurosurgery. More recently, with improved resolution of fMRI protocols, structural identification has become ...
... ent mesencephalic nuclei was mainly driven by the goal to characterize structural changes in neurodegenerative pathology, such as Parkinson’s disease, or to localize targets for stereotactic neurosurgery. More recently, with improved resolution of fMRI protocols, structural identification has become ...
Chapter 122: Neurocircuitry Of Parkinson`s Disease
... shown that these neurons are different from corticospinal projection neurons (20,295) and tend to have slower conduction velocities and lower spontaneous rates, and are usually not responding to somatosensory input. According to the current model of the functions of the basal ganglia–thalamocortical ...
... shown that these neurons are different from corticospinal projection neurons (20,295) and tend to have slower conduction velocities and lower spontaneous rates, and are usually not responding to somatosensory input. According to the current model of the functions of the basal ganglia–thalamocortical ...
Why is parkinsonism not a feature of human methamphetamine users?
... primates remains uncertain and even controversial because of the impossibility of establishing whether the persistent [but substantially reversible in the non-human primate (Harvey et al., 2000b)] reduction of dopamine nerve terminal/axonal markers is associated with actual physical loss of part of ...
... primates remains uncertain and even controversial because of the impossibility of establishing whether the persistent [but substantially reversible in the non-human primate (Harvey et al., 2000b)] reduction of dopamine nerve terminal/axonal markers is associated with actual physical loss of part of ...
Somatodendritic dopamine release - Philosophical Transactions of
... well as differential vulnerability to pathophysiological insults [88,91 –94], with greater susceptibility of ventral tier neurons of the SNc to degeneration in PD (and animal models of the disease) than those in the dorsal tier of SNc or the VTA [95,96]. Among other biochemical differences, dorsal t ...
... well as differential vulnerability to pathophysiological insults [88,91 –94], with greater susceptibility of ventral tier neurons of the SNc to degeneration in PD (and animal models of the disease) than those in the dorsal tier of SNc or the VTA [95,96]. Among other biochemical differences, dorsal t ...
189084_189084 - espace@Curtin
... Dopamine neurons have been a focus of scientific attention ever since the discovery of dopamine as an important neurotransmitter in its own right (Carlsson et al. 1962), and the observation that it was significantly depleted in the brains of patients with Parkinson‟s disease (Davie 2008; Hornykiewic ...
... Dopamine neurons have been a focus of scientific attention ever since the discovery of dopamine as an important neurotransmitter in its own right (Carlsson et al. 1962), and the observation that it was significantly depleted in the brains of patients with Parkinson‟s disease (Davie 2008; Hornykiewic ...
Dopaminergic Transmission and Wake
... Early biochemical studies suggested that cocaine and amphetamine inhibit the reuptake of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin into nerve terminals. In addition, amphetamines affect the transport of monamines into synaptic vesicles. The development of radioligands for DAT led to studies which showed ...
... Early biochemical studies suggested that cocaine and amphetamine inhibit the reuptake of dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin into nerve terminals. In addition, amphetamines affect the transport of monamines into synaptic vesicles. The development of radioligands for DAT led to studies which showed ...
Pallidal Origin of GABA Release within the Substantia Nigra Pars
... High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (HFS-STN) is an effective treatment for alleviating the motor symptoms of parkinsonian patients. However, the neurochemical basis of its effects remains unknown. We showed previously that 1 h of HFS-STN in normal rats increases extracellular glut ...
... High-frequency stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus (HFS-STN) is an effective treatment for alleviating the motor symptoms of parkinsonian patients. However, the neurochemical basis of its effects remains unknown. We showed previously that 1 h of HFS-STN in normal rats increases extracellular glut ...
Lester-Lect to CaltechAssociates-Nov
... Increased nAChR due to chronic nicotine exposure probably confers no selective advantage . . . could be a thermodynamic necessity. A substantial, regulated pool of unassembled or cytoplasmic high-sensitivity nAChRs receptors may confer a selective advantage. If so, the selective advantage may involv ...
... Increased nAChR due to chronic nicotine exposure probably confers no selective advantage . . . could be a thermodynamic necessity. A substantial, regulated pool of unassembled or cytoplasmic high-sensitivity nAChRs receptors may confer a selective advantage. If so, the selective advantage may involv ...
Subcortical loops through the basal ganglia
... a range of debilitating clinical conditions whose most obvious manifestations are disturbances in movement. It is increasingly recognized, however, that many of these disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s chorea, schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder, Tourette’s syndrome and var ...
... a range of debilitating clinical conditions whose most obvious manifestations are disturbances in movement. It is increasingly recognized, however, that many of these disorders, including Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s chorea, schizophrenia, attention deficit disorder, Tourette’s syndrome and var ...
Apomorphine Induces Contralateral Rotation 1 Running Head
... Abstract- 119 words Introduction- 486 words Discussion- 994 words ...
... Abstract- 119 words Introduction- 486 words Discussion- 994 words ...
Contextual Modulation of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Neurons
... search coil technique (Fuchs and Robinson 1966; Judge et al. 1980). Standard behavioral, physiological, and histological procedures were employed as described in detail previously (Handel and Glimcher 1999a). All procedures and protocols were designed in association with the University Veterinarian, ...
... search coil technique (Fuchs and Robinson 1966; Judge et al. 1980). Standard behavioral, physiological, and histological procedures were employed as described in detail previously (Handel and Glimcher 1999a). All procedures and protocols were designed in association with the University Veterinarian, ...
Table of Contents - The Mind Project
... 1. Where are dopamine neurons associated with Parkinson’s Disease located in the brain? A. *Originate in the substantia nigra and terminate in the striatum B. Terminate in substantia nigra and originate in the striatum C. Originate in both the substantia nigra and striatum D. Terminate in both the s ...
... 1. Where are dopamine neurons associated with Parkinson’s Disease located in the brain? A. *Originate in the substantia nigra and terminate in the striatum B. Terminate in substantia nigra and originate in the striatum C. Originate in both the substantia nigra and striatum D. Terminate in both the s ...
The Basal Ganglia and Motor Control
... pathways of the striatum. Via the dopamine D1 receptor, the activity of the direct pathway is facilitated, whereas the dopamine D2 receptor suppresses the activity of the indirect pathway at the level of the basal ganglia output neurons (Gerfen & Wilson, 1996). Therefore, higher striatal dopamine le ...
... pathways of the striatum. Via the dopamine D1 receptor, the activity of the direct pathway is facilitated, whereas the dopamine D2 receptor suppresses the activity of the indirect pathway at the level of the basal ganglia output neurons (Gerfen & Wilson, 1996). Therefore, higher striatal dopamine le ...
Afferents of dopamine neurons
... The projections of dopamine neurons In addition to innervation of the striatum, dopamine neurons innervate other regions of the basal ganglia Loss of dopamine at the level of the GP and/or the STN may account for some of the changes in Parkinson’s disease Degree of collateralization of individual n ...
... The projections of dopamine neurons In addition to innervation of the striatum, dopamine neurons innervate other regions of the basal ganglia Loss of dopamine at the level of the GP and/or the STN may account for some of the changes in Parkinson’s disease Degree of collateralization of individual n ...
Basal Ganglia: Internal Organization
... Figure 1 Simplified block diagram of the basal ganglia and their principal connections. The nuclei of the basal ganglia are included in the light blue box and consist of the striatum, the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe), the subthalamic nucleus (STN), the substantia nigra pars reticula ...
... Figure 1 Simplified block diagram of the basal ganglia and their principal connections. The nuclei of the basal ganglia are included in the light blue box and consist of the striatum, the external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe), the subthalamic nucleus (STN), the substantia nigra pars reticula ...
Substantia nigra
The substantia nigra is a brain structure located in the mesencephalon (midbrain) that plays an important role in reward, addiction, and movement. Substantia nigra is Latin for ""black substance"", reflecting the fact that parts of the substantia nigra appear darker than neighboring areas due to high levels of neuromelanin in dopaminergic neurons. It was discovered in 1784 by Félix Vicq-d'Azyr, and Samuel Thomas von Sömmerring alluded to this structure in 1791. Parkinson's disease is characterized by the death of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta.Although the substantia nigra appears as a continuous band in brain sections, anatomical studies have found that it actually consists of two parts with very different connections and functions: the pars compacta and pars reticulata. This classification was first proposed by Sano in 1910. The pars compacta serves mainly as an input to the basal ganglia circuit, supplying the striatum with dopamine. The pars reticulata, though, serves mainly as an output, conveying signals from the basal ganglia to numerous other brain structures.