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... intercalated white, pelagic chalks. In East Sumba the formation contains many slumps. The western facies is mainly shallow marine here, deposits of the Waikabubak Formation are found with carbonate platform sediments of reef and lagoonal origins. The Quaternary is represented by coralreef terraces w ...
... intercalated white, pelagic chalks. In East Sumba the formation contains many slumps. The western facies is mainly shallow marine here, deposits of the Waikabubak Formation are found with carbonate platform sediments of reef and lagoonal origins. The Quaternary is represented by coralreef terraces w ...
Geomorphic constraints on fault throw rates and linkage times
... 2007a; Boulton and Whittaker, 2009] (Figure 1a). The fault growth and interaction process ultimately driven by stress feedback between adjacent faults [e.g., Cowie, 1998a, 1998b; Cowie and Roberts, 2001], and it is now understood to be the mechanism by which an enhancement of slip rates on growing f ...
... 2007a; Boulton and Whittaker, 2009] (Figure 1a). The fault growth and interaction process ultimately driven by stress feedback between adjacent faults [e.g., Cowie, 1998a, 1998b; Cowie and Roberts, 2001], and it is now understood to be the mechanism by which an enhancement of slip rates on growing f ...
The nature of the crust beneath the Afar triple junction: Evidence
... gresses to seafloor spreading. Here we present receiver function results from new and legacy experiments. Crustal thickness ranges from ∼45 km beneath the highlands to ∼16 km beneath an incipient oceanic spreading center in northern Afar. The crust beneath Afar has a thickness of 20–26 km outside th ...
... gresses to seafloor spreading. Here we present receiver function results from new and legacy experiments. Crustal thickness ranges from ∼45 km beneath the highlands to ∼16 km beneath an incipient oceanic spreading center in northern Afar. The crust beneath Afar has a thickness of 20–26 km outside th ...
Reconstructing the Alps–Carpathians–Dinarides as a key to
... method that have opposite effects on the overall displacement path: On the one hand, the shortening values from individual thrusts are minimum displacements because thrust fronts and their hangingwall cutoff lines have been ...
... method that have opposite effects on the overall displacement path: On the one hand, the shortening values from individual thrusts are minimum displacements because thrust fronts and their hangingwall cutoff lines have been ...
Deep-seated faults and hydrocarbon leakage in the
... My study was funded by the Norwegian Quota Program, I am grateful to Lånekassen for giving me such an invaluable opportunity to study at the Norwegian University of Science and ...
... My study was funded by the Norwegian Quota Program, I am grateful to Lånekassen for giving me such an invaluable opportunity to study at the Norwegian University of Science and ...
An enhanced image of the PamirHindu Kush
... We determine the shape of the seismic zone in the Pamir^Hindu Kush region de¢ned by [30^420N, 68^780E] by obtaining improved hypocentral locations with 90 per cent con¢dence limits of less than 30 km (the depth error bar for most of the earthquakes) of about 6000 shallow and intermediate-depth earth ...
... We determine the shape of the seismic zone in the Pamir^Hindu Kush region de¢ned by [30^420N, 68^780E] by obtaining improved hypocentral locations with 90 per cent con¢dence limits of less than 30 km (the depth error bar for most of the earthquakes) of about 6000 shallow and intermediate-depth earth ...
Seismic velocity structure of the rifted margin of the eastern Grand
... Galicia Bank and Flemish Cap. As a result, Galicia Bank and Flemish Cap form two promontories of continental crust on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean. [4] To understand the south-to-north change in rift kinematics in the central North Atlantic Ocean we must have good spatial constraints on the ...
... Galicia Bank and Flemish Cap. As a result, Galicia Bank and Flemish Cap form two promontories of continental crust on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean. [4] To understand the south-to-north change in rift kinematics in the central North Atlantic Ocean we must have good spatial constraints on the ...
Three lithospheric transects across the Alps and their forelands
... were deposited, as well as more distal parts of the European upper crust, form part of the so-called “Penninic nappes”, and are referred to as “Subpenninic nappes” (Schmid et al. in press). These nappes predominantly consist of Variscan basement, the distal parts of which were mapped as “rifted crus ...
... were deposited, as well as more distal parts of the European upper crust, form part of the so-called “Penninic nappes”, and are referred to as “Subpenninic nappes” (Schmid et al. in press). These nappes predominantly consist of Variscan basement, the distal parts of which were mapped as “rifted crus ...
Roberts et al., 2013, Basin Modeling
... about the partitioning of extension through the crust, which ultimately impacts upon the predictions of the top basement heat-flow model (Kusznir et al. 2005). •• forward modelling the kinematics of break-up. Finally we aim to bring together the complete rifting/break-up process within a single forw ...
... about the partitioning of extension through the crust, which ultimately impacts upon the predictions of the top basement heat-flow model (Kusznir et al. 2005). •• forward modelling the kinematics of break-up. Finally we aim to bring together the complete rifting/break-up process within a single forw ...
The geology of the Váddás area, Troms
... final chapter, with an alternative interpretion that the ¢orrovárri Nappe rocks could have formed the basement for the Váddás stratigraphic succession. The Váddás Nappe constitutes a unique, relatively undisturbed right way up stratigraphic and magmatic succession. Its depositional history is bipart ...
... final chapter, with an alternative interpretion that the ¢orrovárri Nappe rocks could have formed the basement for the Váddás stratigraphic succession. The Váddás Nappe constitutes a unique, relatively undisturbed right way up stratigraphic and magmatic succession. Its depositional history is bipart ...
The origin of metamorphic core complexes and detachment faults
... through a progression of different metamorphic and deformational environments, producing a characteristic sequence of (overprinted) meso- and microstructures. The movement zone is folded as the result of the bowing upwards of the lower crust to form a broad basement culmination, as the result of iso ...
... through a progression of different metamorphic and deformational environments, producing a characteristic sequence of (overprinted) meso- and microstructures. The movement zone is folded as the result of the bowing upwards of the lower crust to form a broad basement culmination, as the result of iso ...
Introduction to Metamorphism
... • Low P/T Buchan-type yp of regional orogenic metamorphism • Dominant meta-pelitic sediments, and isograds up to the sillimanite zone have been mapped • High-temperature-low-pressure belt, and granitic plutons are common Image: Winter (2001) ...
... • Low P/T Buchan-type yp of regional orogenic metamorphism • Dominant meta-pelitic sediments, and isograds up to the sillimanite zone have been mapped • High-temperature-low-pressure belt, and granitic plutons are common Image: Winter (2001) ...
Continent–ocean transition and voluminous magmatic underplating
... margin and its structural evolution during and after late Cretaceous–early Tertiary rifting and continental break-up. We present here the results along two profiles located in the prolongation of the Godthåb Gulf and the Kejser Franz Joseph Fjord. Regional P-wave velocity models were derived from f ...
... margin and its structural evolution during and after late Cretaceous–early Tertiary rifting and continental break-up. We present here the results along two profiles located in the prolongation of the Godthåb Gulf and the Kejser Franz Joseph Fjord. Regional P-wave velocity models were derived from f ...
Chapter 21: Metamorphism
... The IUGS-SCMR proposed this definition: Metamorphism is a subsolidus process leading to changes in mineralogy and/or texture (for example grain size) and often in chemical composition in a rock. These changes are due to physical and/or chemical conditions that differ from those normally occurring at ...
... The IUGS-SCMR proposed this definition: Metamorphism is a subsolidus process leading to changes in mineralogy and/or texture (for example grain size) and often in chemical composition in a rock. These changes are due to physical and/or chemical conditions that differ from those normally occurring at ...
Field Guide to the Punchbowl Fault Zone at Devil`s Punchbowl Los
... Mountains and Mojave Desert. The area was eroded to low relief in Pleistocene time and covered by piedmont alluvial fans after the Punchbowl fault became inactive. Recent uplift has rejuvenated the erosion that has dissected the piedmont and exposed the Punchbowl fault and associated folds. As a res ...
... Mountains and Mojave Desert. The area was eroded to low relief in Pleistocene time and covered by piedmont alluvial fans after the Punchbowl fault became inactive. Recent uplift has rejuvenated the erosion that has dissected the piedmont and exposed the Punchbowl fault and associated folds. As a res ...
Downdip landward limit of Cascadia great earthquake rupture
... slow slip; (7) rupture area associations with shelf-slope basins; (8) depth limit for small events on the thrust; and (9) landward limit of earthquakes on the Nootka transform fault zone. The most reliable constraints for the limit of large rupture displacement, >10 m, are generally just offshore in ...
... slow slip; (7) rupture area associations with shelf-slope basins; (8) depth limit for small events on the thrust; and (9) landward limit of earthquakes on the Nootka transform fault zone. The most reliable constraints for the limit of large rupture displacement, >10 m, are generally just offshore in ...
GEOLOGIC STRUCTURE OF THE UPPERMOST OCEANIC CRUST
... of ophiolite complexes. For the first time, it is now possible to go beyond the ambiguities of the provenance and reconstruction of ophiolites to study the oceanic crust directly. This approach eliminates many of the uncertainties surrounding ophiolites but is hampered by its own family of limitatio ...
... of ophiolite complexes. For the first time, it is now possible to go beyond the ambiguities of the provenance and reconstruction of ophiolites to study the oceanic crust directly. This approach eliminates many of the uncertainties surrounding ophiolites but is hampered by its own family of limitatio ...
ChemCam results from the Shaler outcrop in Gale crater, Mars
... Z-stacks were produced using Heliconfocus commercial software. 2.3. RMI analysis methods To aid in the characterization of the Shaler outcrop facies, we conducted a survey of grain sizes using RMI mosaics. The RMI has the highest angular resolution of the mast-mounted cameras on Curiosity (50 lrad; ...
... Z-stacks were produced using Heliconfocus commercial software. 2.3. RMI analysis methods To aid in the characterization of the Shaler outcrop facies, we conducted a survey of grain sizes using RMI mosaics. The RMI has the highest angular resolution of the mast-mounted cameras on Curiosity (50 lrad; ...
Behavior of subducting sediments beneath an arc under a high
... the elemental fractionation between Zr and Th would be insignificant during the generation and evolution of the Setouchi magmas. The difference between the SW Japan and Mariana arcs might be caused by different degrees of partial melting of the subducted sediment due to the different thermal structu ...
... the elemental fractionation between Zr and Th would be insignificant during the generation and evolution of the Setouchi magmas. The difference between the SW Japan and Mariana arcs might be caused by different degrees of partial melting of the subducted sediment due to the different thermal structu ...
univERsity oF copEnhAGEn
... The North Atlantic margins are the classic places where significant underplating related to rifting and break-up processes has been observed. Ray tracing modelling of a profile (Fig. 2) across the margin at Hatton Bank identifies an up-to 14 km thick zone of unusually high seismic P-wave velocity above ...
... The North Atlantic margins are the classic places where significant underplating related to rifting and break-up processes has been observed. Ray tracing modelling of a profile (Fig. 2) across the margin at Hatton Bank identifies an up-to 14 km thick zone of unusually high seismic P-wave velocity above ...
Moho and magmatic underplating
... The North Atlantic margins are the classic places where significant underplating related to rifting and break-up processes has been observed. Ray tracing modelling of a profile (Fig. 2) across the margin at Hatton Bank identifies an up-to 14 km thick zone of unusually high seismic P-wave velocity above ...
... The North Atlantic margins are the classic places where significant underplating related to rifting and break-up processes has been observed. Ray tracing modelling of a profile (Fig. 2) across the margin at Hatton Bank identifies an up-to 14 km thick zone of unusually high seismic P-wave velocity above ...
Weakness of the lower continental crust: a condition for
... critical role for delamination, uplift, and escape, rheological models, including friction and creep, will have to be critically reviewed. When trying to relate data from frictional and creep experiments to natural conditions, it is necessary to extrapolate over many orders of magnitude in time. Whe ...
... critical role for delamination, uplift, and escape, rheological models, including friction and creep, will have to be critically reviewed. When trying to relate data from frictional and creep experiments to natural conditions, it is necessary to extrapolate over many orders of magnitude in time. Whe ...
Early opening history of the North Atlantic — I. Structure
... be: (a) consistent with that of normal continental type and thickness, and (b) significantly different from the anomalous oceanic crust of the adjacent Iceland-Faeroe Ridge (Bott, Nielsen & Sunderland 1976). It is, however, interpreted as oceanic by Talwani & Eldholm since it lies to the west of the ...
... be: (a) consistent with that of normal continental type and thickness, and (b) significantly different from the anomalous oceanic crust of the adjacent Iceland-Faeroe Ridge (Bott, Nielsen & Sunderland 1976). It is, however, interpreted as oceanic by Talwani & Eldholm since it lies to the west of the ...
The Southern Mountains Zone, Isle of Rum, Scotland
... deposits and ignimbrites. The most abundant breccias (Coire Dubh-type) consist mainly of countryrock clasts < 1 m in diameter in a sand or silt matrix. Internally bedded and graded, and interlayered with sandstones and lithic tuffs, these breccias are interpreted as debris flow and stream flow depos ...
... deposits and ignimbrites. The most abundant breccias (Coire Dubh-type) consist mainly of countryrock clasts < 1 m in diameter in a sand or silt matrix. Internally bedded and graded, and interlayered with sandstones and lithic tuffs, these breccias are interpreted as debris flow and stream flow depos ...
Origin and consequences of western Mediterranean subduction
... Agreement exists on the oldest volcanic and volcaniclastic arc deposits in the Provence, Sardinia, and in the highest structural units of the Alboran domain (Figure 1), with ages of ~38–32 Ma [Beccaluva et al., 2011; Lustrino et al., 2011], suggesting that subduction below Iberia and southern France ...
... Agreement exists on the oldest volcanic and volcaniclastic arc deposits in the Provence, Sardinia, and in the highest structural units of the Alboran domain (Figure 1), with ages of ~38–32 Ma [Beccaluva et al., 2011; Lustrino et al., 2011], suggesting that subduction below Iberia and southern France ...