Diffusion Tensor Imaging - Psychiatry Neuroimaging Laboratory
... by the microstructure of the respective tissue. In biological tissue, the water molecules still randomly diffuse in each 3D direction (isotropic) but are slowed down in their range due to collision with large-scaled biological molecules. Therefore, the diffusion coefficient for water in biological ...
... by the microstructure of the respective tissue. In biological tissue, the water molecules still randomly diffuse in each 3D direction (isotropic) but are slowed down in their range due to collision with large-scaled biological molecules. Therefore, the diffusion coefficient for water in biological ...
Methods of Studying The Nervous System
... of the waves emitted by hydrogen atoms when they are placed in a magnetic field • Its clarity stems from the fact that neural structures differ considerably in their density of hydrogen atoms Pinel's Biopsychology, 5th Ed. ...
... of the waves emitted by hydrogen atoms when they are placed in a magnetic field • Its clarity stems from the fact that neural structures differ considerably in their density of hydrogen atoms Pinel's Biopsychology, 5th Ed. ...
Role of the Human Anterior Cingulate Cortex in the Control of
... Current advances in neuroimaging techniques, and in particular the possibility of measuring changes in regional cerebral blood flow (r CBF) by means of positron emission tomography (PET) in human volunteers, have led to an increased interest in the role of the cingulate cortex (Fig. 1) in the contro ...
... Current advances in neuroimaging techniques, and in particular the possibility of measuring changes in regional cerebral blood flow (r CBF) by means of positron emission tomography (PET) in human volunteers, have led to an increased interest in the role of the cingulate cortex (Fig. 1) in the contro ...
Subgraphs of functional brain networks identify dynamical
... functional interactions: that is, between (i) anticorrelated fluctuations in activity between brain regions that represent segregated brain functions, and (ii) correlated fluctuations in activity between brain regions that represent integrated brain functions (Fornito et al., 2012; Cocchi et al., 20 ...
... functional interactions: that is, between (i) anticorrelated fluctuations in activity between brain regions that represent segregated brain functions, and (ii) correlated fluctuations in activity between brain regions that represent integrated brain functions (Fornito et al., 2012; Cocchi et al., 20 ...
INTRINSIC CONNECTIONS AND CYTOARCHITECTONIC DATA OF
... In the monkey it was shown that the prefrontal subregion localized dorsally on the lateral cortical surface (part of area 46 above the principal sulcus) was connected with other dorsal prefrontal areas situated anteriorly and caudally as well as with the premotor areas of the lateral and medial surf ...
... In the monkey it was shown that the prefrontal subregion localized dorsally on the lateral cortical surface (part of area 46 above the principal sulcus) was connected with other dorsal prefrontal areas situated anteriorly and caudally as well as with the premotor areas of the lateral and medial surf ...
Anatomy of the Temporal Lobe
... represents the free edge of the pallium, and the associated white matter, the alveus, fimbria, and fornix. The cortex adjacent to the hippocampus is known as the entorhinal area; it is present along the whole length of the parahippocampal gyrus [21]. The subiculum is a transitional zone between the ...
... represents the free edge of the pallium, and the associated white matter, the alveus, fimbria, and fornix. The cortex adjacent to the hippocampus is known as the entorhinal area; it is present along the whole length of the parahippocampal gyrus [21]. The subiculum is a transitional zone between the ...
A Weighted and Directed Interareal Connectivity
... et al. 2011). 1) For repeat injections of the same area, the distribution of FLNe values could be modeled as a negative binomial, in which the dispersion parameter determines the relation between the observed mean in FLN values and its variance. 2) The FLNe values of individual connectivity profiles ...
... et al. 2011). 1) For repeat injections of the same area, the distribution of FLNe values could be modeled as a negative binomial, in which the dispersion parameter determines the relation between the observed mean in FLN values and its variance. 2) The FLNe values of individual connectivity profiles ...
Systematic Regional Variations in the Loss of Cortical Cholinergic
... a dramatic loss of cholinergic fibers. By contrast the anterior cingulate cortex, primary visual, primary somatosensory, and primary motor cortex displayed a relative preservation of cholinergic fibers. As a whole, greater loss of cholinergic fibers was detected in supragranular layers and in fibers ...
... a dramatic loss of cholinergic fibers. By contrast the anterior cingulate cortex, primary visual, primary somatosensory, and primary motor cortex displayed a relative preservation of cholinergic fibers. As a whole, greater loss of cholinergic fibers was detected in supragranular layers and in fibers ...
Lateral prefrontal cortex: architectonic and functional organization
... computations occurring in a given area for the complex neuronal network within which it is embedded can be explored, in monkeys, by observing the consequences on cognitive/behavioural function of removal or disconnection of the particular area or manipulations of its neurotransmitter activity. There ...
... computations occurring in a given area for the complex neuronal network within which it is embedded can be explored, in monkeys, by observing the consequences on cognitive/behavioural function of removal or disconnection of the particular area or manipulations of its neurotransmitter activity. There ...
Virtual dissection and comparative connectivity of the superior
... humans are distinguished by the complexity of their tool-use and toolmaking, including the use of tools to make other tools, the construction of multi-component tools, and the accumulation of complexity in tool design through social learning (Johnson-Frey, 2003; Frey, 2007). In humans, tool use invo ...
... humans are distinguished by the complexity of their tool-use and toolmaking, including the use of tools to make other tools, the construction of multi-component tools, and the accumulation of complexity in tool design through social learning (Johnson-Frey, 2003; Frey, 2007). In humans, tool use invo ...
Corpus Callosum
... - an improved corpus callosum helps with executive skills memory problem solving and overall brain function regardless of how old you are, what is the corpus callosum with pictures wisegeek - the corpus callosum is a huge bundle of nerve fibers found in mammalian brains it connects the left and righ ...
... - an improved corpus callosum helps with executive skills memory problem solving and overall brain function regardless of how old you are, what is the corpus callosum with pictures wisegeek - the corpus callosum is a huge bundle of nerve fibers found in mammalian brains it connects the left and righ ...
Validation of hippocampal volumes measured using a
... mater of the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the midbrain, except for the inferior boundary, were traced manually by a skilled technical staff member (W.S.T.), who was blind to all clinical information. A horizontal line was drawn across the midbrain to include the lower tip of the cerebellum to estab ...
... mater of the cerebrum, the cerebellum, and the midbrain, except for the inferior boundary, were traced manually by a skilled technical staff member (W.S.T.), who was blind to all clinical information. A horizontal line was drawn across the midbrain to include the lower tip of the cerebellum to estab ...
Postnatal growth and column spacing in cat primary visual cortex
... 17 exhibited the following sizes: 4 weeks (n=9) 361€52 mm2, 5 weeks (n=4) 311€15 mm2, and 6 weeks (n=17) 412€56 mm2. The data thus demonstrate an average increase of 51% in the size of area 17 between the third and tenth postnatal week (Fig. 2A,B). Interestingly, most of this increase in size, namel ...
... 17 exhibited the following sizes: 4 weeks (n=9) 361€52 mm2, 5 weeks (n=4) 311€15 mm2, and 6 weeks (n=17) 412€56 mm2. The data thus demonstrate an average increase of 51% in the size of area 17 between the third and tenth postnatal week (Fig. 2A,B). Interestingly, most of this increase in size, namel ...
Neuroimaging and ADHD: fMRI, PET, DTI Findings, and
... 2005). A variety of brain regions have been implicated in the pathophysiology of ADHD including fronto-striatal, fronto-parietal, fronto-cerebellar, fronto-striato-parieto-cerebellar, and fronto-temporal circuitry (Nigg & Casey, 2005; Rubia et al., 2009a, 2009b; Schneider et al., 2010; Silk, Vance, ...
... 2005). A variety of brain regions have been implicated in the pathophysiology of ADHD including fronto-striatal, fronto-parietal, fronto-cerebellar, fronto-striato-parieto-cerebellar, and fronto-temporal circuitry (Nigg & Casey, 2005; Rubia et al., 2009a, 2009b; Schneider et al., 2010; Silk, Vance, ...
Descartes` Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
... recent investigations of his modern counterparts and review perti nent findings from neuropsychological research in humans and animals. Further, I propose that human reason depends on several brain systems, working in concert across many levels of neuronal organization, rather than on a single brai ...
... recent investigations of his modern counterparts and review perti nent findings from neuropsychological research in humans and animals. Further, I propose that human reason depends on several brain systems, working in concert across many levels of neuronal organization, rather than on a single brai ...
Towards the utilization of EEG as a brain imaging tool
... framework for the analysis of the signals. Instead of waveforms, the MEG community generally looks at the properties of the magnetic field outside the head and infers the sources and the temporal dynamics of these sources in the brain (Salmelin and Baillet, 2009; Williamson et al., 1991). It has been ...
... framework for the analysis of the signals. Instead of waveforms, the MEG community generally looks at the properties of the magnetic field outside the head and infers the sources and the temporal dynamics of these sources in the brain (Salmelin and Baillet, 2009; Williamson et al., 1991). It has been ...
Connection Patterns Distinguish 3 Regions of Human Parietal Cortex
... is difficult and ‘‘jumping’’ occurs between the adjacent white matter fiber tracts. Using a simple termination zone, such as the one used here, is desirable because of its simplicity, but it might not be appropriate if the superior collicular connections with frontal areas were to be examined. As can ...
... is difficult and ‘‘jumping’’ occurs between the adjacent white matter fiber tracts. Using a simple termination zone, such as the one used here, is desirable because of its simplicity, but it might not be appropriate if the superior collicular connections with frontal areas were to be examined. As can ...
Effects on the central and peripheral nervous activity in rats elicited
... Model’ in the SPSS 9.0 software pack (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill. USA; see Pecze et al., 2003 for details). The method of least square differences (LSD) was used for post-hoc testing. A possible correlation between the ...
... Model’ in the SPSS 9.0 software pack (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Ill. USA; see Pecze et al., 2003 for details). The method of least square differences (LSD) was used for post-hoc testing. A possible correlation between the ...
Resting-State Functional Connectivity in Autism Spectrum
... and intentions, whether a scenario is real or hypothetical (22). The ToM hypothesis suggests that individuals with ASD have an absent or underdeveloped ToM which impedes them from inferring the mental states of others—a task that lies at the heart of social interaction (23). Several studies have exp ...
... and intentions, whether a scenario is real or hypothetical (22). The ToM hypothesis suggests that individuals with ASD have an absent or underdeveloped ToM which impedes them from inferring the mental states of others—a task that lies at the heart of social interaction (23). Several studies have exp ...
Developmental structure in brain evolution
... On the first pass, this type of analysis proved disappointing. (Though researchers might have been more impressed with the correlational structure of the data that they uncovered – for example, in the way Hofman [1989] noted how precisely isocortex volume could be predicted from simple total brain v ...
... On the first pass, this type of analysis proved disappointing. (Though researchers might have been more impressed with the correlational structure of the data that they uncovered – for example, in the way Hofman [1989] noted how precisely isocortex volume could be predicted from simple total brain v ...
Increased prefrontal activity and reduced motor cortex
... parts of the brain, as well as a higher cortical signal in relation to preparation of the movement. This was interpreted as if the brain plans and executes eccentric contractions differently than concentric contractions. However, no direct evidence has been presented that can account for the lower a ...
... parts of the brain, as well as a higher cortical signal in relation to preparation of the movement. This was interpreted as if the brain plans and executes eccentric contractions differently than concentric contractions. However, no direct evidence has been presented that can account for the lower a ...
An Animal Model of Early-treated PKU
... regions examined. There was no effect on norepinephrine in any of the four regions examined. Reduced levels of HVA in medial prefrontal cortex were the only neurochemical effect that significantly correlated with every measure of performance on the delayed alternation task. This study provides evide ...
... regions examined. There was no effect on norepinephrine in any of the four regions examined. Reduced levels of HVA in medial prefrontal cortex were the only neurochemical effect that significantly correlated with every measure of performance on the delayed alternation task. This study provides evide ...
Expected Value, Reward Outcome, and
... Figure 2. Task performance. (a) The choices of a subject in the decision task. The solid line shows the EV on the right in 3 different sets of 30 trials. Right and Left responses are shown. Each subject was run with a random order of the different EV trial sets. (b) The percentage of choices to the ...
... Figure 2. Task performance. (a) The choices of a subject in the decision task. The solid line shows the EV on the right in 3 different sets of 30 trials. Right and Left responses are shown. Each subject was run with a random order of the different EV trial sets. (b) The percentage of choices to the ...
The cerebrocerebellar system: anatomic substrates of the cerebellar
... uniform computation. Clinical, experimental, and functional neuroimaging studies demonstrate that the cerebellum is involved in multiple different functions from arousal, to sensorimotor function and higher order processing (see Schmahmann, 1997), and preliminar y evidence suggests that there is a t ...
... uniform computation. Clinical, experimental, and functional neuroimaging studies demonstrate that the cerebellum is involved in multiple different functions from arousal, to sensorimotor function and higher order processing (see Schmahmann, 1997), and preliminar y evidence suggests that there is a t ...