Piezoelectric measurements with atomic force microscopy
... field. The higher order electrostrictive term depends upon the square of applied field, and would therefore be at frequency 2f. The displacement of the tip due to its interaction with the electric field also exhibits an f component. So a measurement of the f component of the tip deflection is a supe ...
... field. The higher order electrostrictive term depends upon the square of applied field, and would therefore be at frequency 2f. The displacement of the tip due to its interaction with the electric field also exhibits an f component. So a measurement of the f component of the tip deflection is a supe ...
Woodward effect
The Woodward effect, also referred to as a Mach effect, one of at least three predicted Mach effects, is part of a hypothesis proposed by James F. Woodward in 1990.The hypothesis states that transient mass fluctuations arise in any object that absorbs internal energy while undergoing a proper acceleration. Harnessing this effect could generate a thrust, which Woodward and others claim to measure in various experiments. If proven to exist, the Woodward effect could be used in the design of spacecraft engines of a field propulsion engine that would not have to expel matter to accelerate. Such an engine, called a Mach effect thruster (MET), would be a breakthrough in space travel. So far, no conclusive proof of the existence of this effect has been presented. Experiments to confirm and utilize this effect by Woodward and others continue.