Phylogenetics in clinical virology_2012
... • There is immune system selection pressure on the HA and NA genes • Mutations in HA or NA could either be ‘detrimental’ – limit the fitness of the virus or be ‘beneficial’ by resulting in escape from antibody pressure • Some variants that are both fit and have the ability to escape the immune press ...
... • There is immune system selection pressure on the HA and NA genes • Mutations in HA or NA could either be ‘detrimental’ – limit the fitness of the virus or be ‘beneficial’ by resulting in escape from antibody pressure • Some variants that are both fit and have the ability to escape the immune press ...
Viruses – Need to Know
... What approximate size is a virus? Give one specific example and its size. ...
... What approximate size is a virus? Give one specific example and its size. ...
Viruses - Elgin Local Schools
... Viruses: Nucleic Acids: -DNA or RNA -single strand or double strand Capsid: proteins coat that enables infection of cell ...
... Viruses: Nucleic Acids: -DNA or RNA -single strand or double strand Capsid: proteins coat that enables infection of cell ...
Viruses - Elgin Local Schools
... Viruses: Nucleic Acids: -DNA or RNA -single strand or double strand Capsid: proteins coat that enables infection of cell ...
... Viruses: Nucleic Acids: -DNA or RNA -single strand or double strand Capsid: proteins coat that enables infection of cell ...
Our selections for Fall 2005
... • Influenza: a serious respiratory disease – Virus has a segmented genome • 8 different RNA molecules – Spikes: Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase • Major antigens recognized by immune system ...
... • Influenza: a serious respiratory disease – Virus has a segmented genome • 8 different RNA molecules – Spikes: Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase • Major antigens recognized by immune system ...
viruses - Helena High School
... (any of a group of RNA viruses that insert a DNA copy of their genome into the host cell in order to replicate, e.g., HIV.) ...
... (any of a group of RNA viruses that insert a DNA copy of their genome into the host cell in order to replicate, e.g., HIV.) ...
Name - TeacherPage.com
... 8. What is the difference between a lytic infection and a lysogenic infection? ...
... 8. What is the difference between a lytic infection and a lysogenic infection? ...
viruses - Spanish Point Biology
... b) Inject – the virus injects its ……….(or ……)through the cell wall/membrane into the host cell. c) Copy – the virus uses host cell’s ………. to copy its ………./RNA. d) Make – the virus uses the host cell’s ribosomes to make new ……… coats. e) Assembly – the new viral DNA/RNA and the new viral ………… are ass ...
... b) Inject – the virus injects its ……….(or ……)through the cell wall/membrane into the host cell. c) Copy – the virus uses host cell’s ………. to copy its ………./RNA. d) Make – the virus uses the host cell’s ribosomes to make new ……… coats. e) Assembly – the new viral DNA/RNA and the new viral ………… are ass ...
Viral Disease - School Portal
... enzymes) surrounded by an inner core protein shell, a protein nucleocapsid, and a lipid envelope, containing glycoprotein spikes: a. People who are infected with HIV produce antibody to combat the virus – if this is detected in the blood, the individual is said to be HIVpositive. b. The HIV virus at ...
... enzymes) surrounded by an inner core protein shell, a protein nucleocapsid, and a lipid envelope, containing glycoprotein spikes: a. People who are infected with HIV produce antibody to combat the virus – if this is detected in the blood, the individual is said to be HIVpositive. b. The HIV virus at ...
Clinical Group - Chulabhorn Research Institute
... Protease Enz cut viral proteins into shorter pieces so that they can incorporated into new viruses -Protease inhibitors block this stage of reproduction by neutralizing the enzyme. They’re even more effective when combined with RT inhibitors ...
... Protease Enz cut viral proteins into shorter pieces so that they can incorporated into new viruses -Protease inhibitors block this stage of reproduction by neutralizing the enzyme. They’re even more effective when combined with RT inhibitors ...
Coevolution --- viruses may have evolved along with cells
... and nonsense (-, or noncoding) when single stranded --- most viral genomes make use of overlapping reading frames to get more use out of their small genomes ...
... and nonsense (-, or noncoding) when single stranded --- most viral genomes make use of overlapping reading frames to get more use out of their small genomes ...
MYXOVIRUSES
... Genetic reassortment: the exchange of genetic material between viruses inside a host cell ...
... Genetic reassortment: the exchange of genetic material between viruses inside a host cell ...
Nov10 Lecture 20 Evolution & vaccines
... Flu is a highly contagious respiratory illness which infects millions of people every year and kills hundreds of thousands ...
... Flu is a highly contagious respiratory illness which infects millions of people every year and kills hundreds of thousands ...
Debating Disease
... • WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network—partnership with National Influenza Centres for disease monitoring ...
... • WHO Global Influenza Surveillance Network—partnership with National Influenza Centres for disease monitoring ...
MattIngham-fluupdate 147 KB - University of British Columbia
... Influenza A is a single stranded RNA virus containing 8 RNA gene segments, two of which code for the two antigenic surface proteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). These proteins are involved in entry (HA) and release (NA) from host cells during infection through the binding and cleaving ...
... Influenza A is a single stranded RNA virus containing 8 RNA gene segments, two of which code for the two antigenic surface proteins, hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). These proteins are involved in entry (HA) and release (NA) from host cells during infection through the binding and cleaving ...
The University of Texas at Brownsville & Department of Mathematics
... Tuesday, October 26, 2010, 11:00 AM SET-B 3rd Floor Title: Complexity and Epidemics: The Case of Influenza Abstract: Disease dynamics are intimately connected to biological, environmental and social processes over multiple time scales and levels of social and biological organization. Further, in a h ...
... Tuesday, October 26, 2010, 11:00 AM SET-B 3rd Floor Title: Complexity and Epidemics: The Case of Influenza Abstract: Disease dynamics are intimately connected to biological, environmental and social processes over multiple time scales and levels of social and biological organization. Further, in a h ...
Viruses
... Takes over host cell Forces host to make more virus. Uses host’s materials Destroys host cell – “lyse” Lytic Cycle Animation ...
... Takes over host cell Forces host to make more virus. Uses host’s materials Destroys host cell – “lyse” Lytic Cycle Animation ...
Boissinot - QC Queens College
... genetic elements called transposable elements or “jumping genes”. Although most transposable elements impose a genetic load on their host they can also be a rich source of evolutionary novelties. However, it is unknown why some species like human have more than 3 millions of these elements whereas m ...
... genetic elements called transposable elements or “jumping genes”. Although most transposable elements impose a genetic load on their host they can also be a rich source of evolutionary novelties. However, it is unknown why some species like human have more than 3 millions of these elements whereas m ...
Viruses - saddlespace.org
... • Antiviral drugs are available to treat only a few viral diseases. Why is this so??? – Because the drug is likely to be toxic to the host as well as the virus. ...
... • Antiviral drugs are available to treat only a few viral diseases. Why is this so??? – Because the drug is likely to be toxic to the host as well as the virus. ...
Essential Knowledge 3.C.3: Viral replication results in genetic
... variation and viral infection can introduce genetic variation into the hosts. A. Viral replication differs from other reproductive strategies and generates genetic variation via various mechanisms. B. The reproductive cycles of viruses facilitate transfer of genetic information. ...
... variation and viral infection can introduce genetic variation into the hosts. A. Viral replication differs from other reproductive strategies and generates genetic variation via various mechanisms. B. The reproductive cycles of viruses facilitate transfer of genetic information. ...
27. The micro-evolution of FMDV
... ‘within-individual’ evolution of FMDV but we know next to nothing about either the intensity or genomic scale of epistasis. Evidence is accumulating that recombination rates may be sufficiently high that recombinant genomes could pose a significant source of antigenic novelty – the threat of such re ...
... ‘within-individual’ evolution of FMDV but we know next to nothing about either the intensity or genomic scale of epistasis. Evidence is accumulating that recombination rates may be sufficiently high that recombinant genomes could pose a significant source of antigenic novelty – the threat of such re ...
Viral phylodynamics
Viral phylodynamics is defined as the study of how epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes act and potentially interact to shape viral phylogenies.Since the coining of the term in 2004, research on viral phylodynamics has focused on transmission dynamics in an effort to shed light on how these dynamics impact viral genetic variation. Transmission dynamics can be considered at the level of cells within an infected host, individual hosts within a population, or entire populations of hosts.Many viruses, especially RNA viruses, rapidly accumulate genetic variation because of short generation times and high mutation rates.Patterns of viral genetic variation are therefore heavily influenced by how quickly transmission occurs and by which entities transmit to one another.Patterns of viral genetic variation will also be affected by selection acting on viral phenotypes.Although viruses can differ with respect to many phenotypes, phylodynamic studies have to date tended to focus on a limited number of viral phenotypes.These include virulence phenotypes, phenotypes associated with viral transmissibility, cell or tissue tropism phenotypes, and antigenic phenotypes that can facilitate escape from host immunity.Due to the impact that transmission dynamics and selection can have on viral genetic variation, viral phylogenies can therefore be used to investigate important epidemiological, immunological, and evolutionary processes, such as epidemic spread, spatio-temporal dynamics including metapopulation dynamics, zoonotic transmission, tissue tropism, and antigenic drift.The quantitative investigation of these processes through the consideration of viral phylogenies is the central aim of viral phylodynamics.