Global Innovation Index 2008-2009
... innovation. It is in this overall context that Canon is pleased to sponsor The Global Innovation Index and Report 2008. Clearly, some parts of the world are more innovation friendly than others. In developing nations, this ability will have a dramatic impact not only on the global economy but also o ...
... innovation. It is in this overall context that Canon is pleased to sponsor The Global Innovation Index and Report 2008. Clearly, some parts of the world are more innovation friendly than others. In developing nations, this ability will have a dramatic impact not only on the global economy but also o ...
Issuer Guide 2016 Eurozone – EU(19)
... Germany’s role as the driving force in Europe is based on the country having the highest population as well as the fact that it is by far the biggest net payer within the European Union. Germany’s net position on the assets side covers roughly a third of the combined amount which net receivers recei ...
... Germany’s role as the driving force in Europe is based on the country having the highest population as well as the fact that it is by far the biggest net payer within the European Union. Germany’s net position on the assets side covers roughly a third of the combined amount which net receivers recei ...
The international dimension of confidence shocks - ECB
... empirical evidence for theoretical models of news-driven international business cycles. This approach proves effective in removing the correlation in country-specific confidence shocks, thus isolating their idiosyncratic components. As a result, the impact of country-specific confidence shocks on re ...
... empirical evidence for theoretical models of news-driven international business cycles. This approach proves effective in removing the correlation in country-specific confidence shocks, thus isolating their idiosyncratic components. As a result, the impact of country-specific confidence shocks on re ...
Chapter 1 Fiscal consolidation targets, plans and measures in OECD countries
... Deficits can also be reduced by economic growth leading to more revenues and less expenditure, e.g. regarding unemployment, when more people find jobs (cycle effects). General labour market and product market reforms are important for spurring economic growth (e.g. changes in labour regulation or ma ...
... Deficits can also be reduced by economic growth leading to more revenues and less expenditure, e.g. regarding unemployment, when more people find jobs (cycle effects). General labour market and product market reforms are important for spurring economic growth (e.g. changes in labour regulation or ma ...
13EXPENDITURE MULTIPLIERS: THE KEYNESIAN MODEL*
... changes. II. Aggregate planned expenditure is the sum of planned consumption expenditure, investment, government purchases, and net exports. A) I and II are both true. B) I and II are both false. C) I is true and II is false D) I is false and II is true. Answer: D Topic: Aggregate Expenditure Curve ...
... changes. II. Aggregate planned expenditure is the sum of planned consumption expenditure, investment, government purchases, and net exports. A) I and II are both true. B) I and II are both false. C) I is true and II is false D) I is false and II is true. Answer: D Topic: Aggregate Expenditure Curve ...
Benin Country Profile
... August 1960, as the Republic of Benin. A succession of military governments ended in 1972 with the rise to power of Mathieu KEREKOU and the establishment of a government based on Marxist-Leninist principles. A move to representative government began in 1989. Two years later, free elections ushered i ...
... August 1960, as the Republic of Benin. A succession of military governments ended in 1972 with the rise to power of Mathieu KEREKOU and the establishment of a government based on Marxist-Leninist principles. A move to representative government began in 1989. Two years later, free elections ushered i ...
7 AGGREGATE SUPPLY AND AGGREGATE DEMAND*
... Aggregate Demand Topic: The Aggregate Demand Curve Skill: Recognition Topic: Changes in Aggregate Supply; Capital Skill: Analytical ...
... Aggregate Demand Topic: The Aggregate Demand Curve Skill: Recognition Topic: Changes in Aggregate Supply; Capital Skill: Analytical ...
Principles of Macroeconomics Self-study quiz and Exercises with
... B) the unemployment rate C) the price of IBM computers D) the inflation rate Answer: C 2) Which of the following is a topic studied in Macroeconomics? A) gross domestic product B) the wage of auto workers C) the price of IBM computers D) the amount of pizza produced Answer: A 3) Which of the followi ...
... B) the unemployment rate C) the price of IBM computers D) the inflation rate Answer: C 2) Which of the following is a topic studied in Macroeconomics? A) gross domestic product B) the wage of auto workers C) the price of IBM computers D) the amount of pizza produced Answer: A 3) Which of the followi ...
European Economic Forecast Spring 2017
... While private consumption has revived, investment is still relatively weak, held back by modest sales expectations, ongoing deleveraging and uncertainty. Weak investment dampens demand in the near term but also affects potential growth by weighing down on the capital stock and productivity growth. C ...
... While private consumption has revived, investment is still relatively weak, held back by modest sales expectations, ongoing deleveraging and uncertainty. Weak investment dampens demand in the near term but also affects potential growth by weighing down on the capital stock and productivity growth. C ...
Aggregate Supply and Aggregate Demand
... two steps ahead — Gretzky was able to be in the right place at the right time to score goals. Similarly, success in business depends on anticipating the market. You can get rich if you supply products or services that consumers want, when they want them, or if you correctly anticipate where stock pr ...
... two steps ahead — Gretzky was able to be in the right place at the right time to score goals. Similarly, success in business depends on anticipating the market. You can get rich if you supply products or services that consumers want, when they want them, or if you correctly anticipate where stock pr ...
finances in EMU – 2008 - European Commission
... Level of public debt and size of governments, 2003-2007 Public investment and economic growth in the EU17 and non-EU industrial countries, 1995-2007 Share of 'productive' public spending in primary public spending, 2005 The concepts of efficiency and effectiveness Public expenditure on primary and s ...
... Level of public debt and size of governments, 2003-2007 Public investment and economic growth in the EU17 and non-EU industrial countries, 1995-2007 Share of 'productive' public spending in primary public spending, 2005 The concepts of efficiency and effectiveness Public expenditure on primary and s ...
does foreign direct investment improve welfare in north african
... although this relationship differs between countries in the region. Overall, FDI contributes to economic growth in North Africa, which in turn generates additional revenues for governments and populations in the region through fiscal policies and jobs creation. Additionally, we found that government ...
... although this relationship differs between countries in the region. Overall, FDI contributes to economic growth in North Africa, which in turn generates additional revenues for governments and populations in the region through fiscal policies and jobs creation. Additionally, we found that government ...
COM SEC(2008)2092 EN
... Level of public debt and size of governments, 2003-2007 Public investment and economic growth in the EU17 and non-EU industrial countries, 1995-2007 Share of 'productive' public spending in primary public spending, 2005 The concepts of efficiency and effectiveness Public expenditure on primary and s ...
... Level of public debt and size of governments, 2003-2007 Public investment and economic growth in the EU17 and non-EU industrial countries, 1995-2007 Share of 'productive' public spending in primary public spending, 2005 The concepts of efficiency and effectiveness Public expenditure on primary and s ...
Fiscal consolidation
... What is consolidation? In this publication, fiscal consolidation is defined as concrete policies aimed at reducing government deficits and debt accumulation. These consolidation plans and detailed measures are given as a per cent of nominal GDP. All measures are quantified to the extent possible. Mo ...
... What is consolidation? In this publication, fiscal consolidation is defined as concrete policies aimed at reducing government deficits and debt accumulation. These consolidation plans and detailed measures are given as a per cent of nominal GDP. All measures are quantified to the extent possible. Mo ...
European Economic Forecast - Winter 2016 | European Commission
... demand, particularly investment. But the main risks both externally and domestically are ‘political’. Leadership at the global and European level showing that common actions are agreed and swiftly implemented would be the most effective answer to the present economic woes. ...
... demand, particularly investment. But the main risks both externally and domestically are ‘political’. Leadership at the global and European level showing that common actions are agreed and swiftly implemented would be the most effective answer to the present economic woes. ...
Quarterly - UniCredit Bank
... Outside CEE-EU, both Croatia and Serbia did better than expected in 2016, with growth picking up nicely – even though still lagging that in CEE-EU. Solid demand in the euro area (EA) has played a major role by boosting exports, but perhaps more important was the rebound in private consumption and in ...
... Outside CEE-EU, both Croatia and Serbia did better than expected in 2016, with growth picking up nicely – even though still lagging that in CEE-EU. Solid demand in the euro area (EA) has played a major role by boosting exports, but perhaps more important was the rebound in private consumption and in ...
StrategyCEE Q315
... The European Central Bank (ECB) will continue its quantitative easing programme at full strength in the months ahead. Despite this, yields in the euro area increased sharply, and this was also felt on the Central and Eastern European capital markets. Compared to three months ago, yields on long-date ...
... The European Central Bank (ECB) will continue its quantitative easing programme at full strength in the months ahead. Despite this, yields in the euro area increased sharply, and this was also felt on the Central and Eastern European capital markets. Compared to three months ago, yields on long-date ...
Aggregate Demand and Supply Aggregate Demand and
... and other inputs used to produce products. This surplus condition in the factor markets means that some workers who are willing to work are laid off and compete with those who still have jobs by reducing their wage demands. Owners of natural resources and capital likewise cut their prices. How can t ...
... and other inputs used to produce products. This surplus condition in the factor markets means that some workers who are willing to work are laid off and compete with those who still have jobs by reducing their wage demands. Owners of natural resources and capital likewise cut their prices. How can t ...
No.374 / September 2011 The Cyclical Conduct of Irish Fiscal Policy
... We divide the analysis into three parts. In Section 2, we analyse …scal policy during the pre-crisis period. To this end, we pursue two strategies. Initially, we provide a narrative of the conduct of …scal policy during the 1999-2007 period. Next, we report some econometric results concerning the cy ...
... We divide the analysis into three parts. In Section 2, we analyse …scal policy during the pre-crisis period. To this end, we pursue two strategies. Initially, we provide a narrative of the conduct of …scal policy during the 1999-2007 period. Next, we report some econometric results concerning the cy ...
Economic Growth - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... • The U.S. labor force grew faster than the population during the 1990s. – The labor force includes all persons over age sixteen who are either working for pay or actively seeking paid employment. ...
... • The U.S. labor force grew faster than the population during the 1990s. – The labor force includes all persons over age sixteen who are either working for pay or actively seeking paid employment. ...
World Bank Document
... signicant at the 10 percent level during the initial years. In contrast, among middle and highincome countries, climatic disasters result in output losses of 0.5 and 0.25 percent, respectively. This larger response of low-income countries to climatic disasters is mainly due to the large output impa ...
... signicant at the 10 percent level during the initial years. In contrast, among middle and highincome countries, climatic disasters result in output losses of 0.5 and 0.25 percent, respectively. This larger response of low-income countries to climatic disasters is mainly due to the large output impa ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES CYCLES Enrique G. Mendoza
... the inputs become less similar. The elasticity of labor supply also in‡uences the output cost of default. In particular, the cost is larger the higher this elasticity, because default triggers a reduction in total labor usage. However, output costs of default, and the e¢ ciency loss that drives them ...
... the inputs become less similar. The elasticity of labor supply also in‡uences the output cost of default. In particular, the cost is larger the higher this elasticity, because default triggers a reduction in total labor usage. However, output costs of default, and the e¢ ciency loss that drives them ...
the amazon frontier advance: from boom to bust
... followed by a significant decline in income, employment, and tax revenue (bust) (Schneider et al. 2000)1. Income falls due to the collapse of timber exploitation, and as a result of economic conversion of land for agriculture and cattle ranching activities, which do not sustain the same generation o ...
... followed by a significant decline in income, employment, and tax revenue (bust) (Schneider et al. 2000)1. Income falls due to the collapse of timber exploitation, and as a result of economic conversion of land for agriculture and cattle ranching activities, which do not sustain the same generation o ...
triple crises - UNCTAD Paragraph 166 Course
... will be below 15). Youth are also increasingly educated (primary enrolment ↑ to 80%, and secondary enrolment to 31% in 2009). Growing pressure on the L market, and natural resources. ...
... will be below 15). Youth are also increasingly educated (primary enrolment ↑ to 80%, and secondary enrolment to 31% in 2009). Growing pressure on the L market, and natural resources. ...
Credit Spreads and the Severity of Financial Crises Arvind Krishnamurthy Tyler Muir
... theoretical models of a trigger, zi;t , and an ampli…cation mechanism, Fi;t . Models tell us ...
... theoretical models of a trigger, zi;t , and an ampli…cation mechanism, Fi;t . Models tell us ...
Gross domestic product
Gross Domestic Product (GDP) is a measure of the size of an economy. It is defined as ""an aggregate measure of production equal to the sum of the gross values added of all resident, institutional units engaged in production (plus any taxes, and minus any subsidies, on products not included in the value of their outputs)"" by the OECD.GDP estimates are commonly used to measure the economic performance of a whole country or region, but can also measure the relative contribution of an industry sector. This is possible because GDP is a measure of 'value added' rather than sales; it adds each firm's value added (the value of its output minus the value of goods that are used up in producing it). For example, a firm buys steel and adds value to it by producing a car; double counting would occur if GDP added together the value of the steel and the value of the car. Because it is based on value added, GDP also increases when an enterprise reduces its use of materials or other resources ('intermediate consumption') to produce the same output.The more familiar use of GDP estimates is to calculate the growth of the economy from year to year (and recently from quarter to quarter). The pattern of GDP growth is held to indicate the success or failure of economic policy and to determine whether an economy is 'in recession'.