Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for synaptic
... up of ~3000 amino acids whereas CLA-‐1S is ~1000 amino acids long. The common C-‐terminal domain for ...
... up of ~3000 amino acids whereas CLA-‐1S is ~1000 amino acids long. The common C-‐terminal domain for ...
Clarinet (CLA-‐1), a novel active zone protein required for
... up of ~3000 amino acids whereas CLA-‐1S is ~1000 amino acids long. The common C-‐terminal domain for ...
... up of ~3000 amino acids whereas CLA-‐1S is ~1000 amino acids long. The common C-‐terminal domain for ...
Descending motor pathways and the spinal
... pathways of the motor system originating in the forebrain, knowledge about the anatomy and function of the structures in the more caudally located parts of the central nervous system is indispensable. In this paper an overview will be presented of these caudal structures in brainstem and spinal cord ...
... pathways of the motor system originating in the forebrain, knowledge about the anatomy and function of the structures in the more caudally located parts of the central nervous system is indispensable. In this paper an overview will be presented of these caudal structures in brainstem and spinal cord ...
Propagation of tau pathology in Alzheimer`s disease
... in its intercellular transfer is of great interest. The phosphorylation state and length of extracellular tau have been reported in numerous studies, but obtaining a global picture is difficult since different epitopes were analyzed in various model systems. Analysis of tau in human CSF found that l ...
... in its intercellular transfer is of great interest. The phosphorylation state and length of extracellular tau have been reported in numerous studies, but obtaining a global picture is difficult since different epitopes were analyzed in various model systems. Analysis of tau in human CSF found that l ...
Rapid Translocation of Zn 2+ from Nerve Terminals
... is found in glutamatergic nerve terminals throughout the mammalian forebrain and has diverse extracellular and intracellular actions. The anatomical location and possible synaptic signaling role for this cation have led to the hypothesis that Zn2⫹ is released from presynaptic boutons, traverses the ...
... is found in glutamatergic nerve terminals throughout the mammalian forebrain and has diverse extracellular and intracellular actions. The anatomical location and possible synaptic signaling role for this cation have led to the hypothesis that Zn2⫹ is released from presynaptic boutons, traverses the ...
Understanding the process of multisensory integration
... Understanding the principles by which the brain combines information from different senses provides us with insight into the computational strategies used to maximize their utility. Prior studies of the superior colliculus (SC) neuron as a model suggest that the relative timing with which sensory cu ...
... Understanding the principles by which the brain combines information from different senses provides us with insight into the computational strategies used to maximize their utility. Prior studies of the superior colliculus (SC) neuron as a model suggest that the relative timing with which sensory cu ...
Test Bank 1
... Topic: Neurons: The Messengers Skill: C 27. The term “gray matter” refers to ________. a. interneurons b. myelinated axons Incorrect: Tissue made up of myelinated axons is called white matter. c. unmyelinated axons Correct: Tissue made up of unmyelinated axons is called gray matter. d. glial cells A ...
... Topic: Neurons: The Messengers Skill: C 27. The term “gray matter” refers to ________. a. interneurons b. myelinated axons Incorrect: Tissue made up of myelinated axons is called white matter. c. unmyelinated axons Correct: Tissue made up of unmyelinated axons is called gray matter. d. glial cells A ...
neuronal reward and decision signals: from theories to data
... mediated by neuronal reward prediction error signals which implement basic constructs of reinforcement learning theory. These signals are found in dopamine neurons, which emit a global reward signal to striatum and frontal cortex, and in specific neurons in striatum, amygdala, and frontal cortex pro ...
... mediated by neuronal reward prediction error signals which implement basic constructs of reinforcement learning theory. These signals are found in dopamine neurons, which emit a global reward signal to striatum and frontal cortex, and in specific neurons in striatum, amygdala, and frontal cortex pro ...
Different Orientation Tuning of Near- and Far
... al., 1999; Girard et al., 2001) of intra-V1 horizontal axons, instead, suggest they contribute only to near-surround modulation. Surround suppression in the LGN (Sceniak et al., 2006; Alitto and Usrey, 2008) also contributes to near-surround suppression in V1 (Ozeki et al., 2004). In human vision, s ...
... al., 1999; Girard et al., 2001) of intra-V1 horizontal axons, instead, suggest they contribute only to near-surround modulation. Surround suppression in the LGN (Sceniak et al., 2006; Alitto and Usrey, 2008) also contributes to near-surround suppression in V1 (Ozeki et al., 2004). In human vision, s ...
Neuronal uptake and propagation of a rare phosphorylated high-molecular-weight tau
... sporadic AD brain extracts, and recombinant WT full-length human tau (2N4R, 441 amino acid (aa)). We isolated the propagating tau species via differential centrifugation and sizeexclusion chromatography (SEC), characterized it biochemically, and then studied its neuronal uptake in mouse primary cort ...
... sporadic AD brain extracts, and recombinant WT full-length human tau (2N4R, 441 amino acid (aa)). We isolated the propagating tau species via differential centrifugation and sizeexclusion chromatography (SEC), characterized it biochemically, and then studied its neuronal uptake in mouse primary cort ...
morphology and synaptic connections of ultrafine primary axons
... their surface. Many ultrafine primary endings are almost fully surrounded by neural processes and lie in the interior of small glomeruli. Within these glomeruli, eight different kinds of processes surround the primary endings. These include three kinds of dendritic processes, two kinds of axonal end ...
... their surface. Many ultrafine primary endings are almost fully surrounded by neural processes and lie in the interior of small glomeruli. Within these glomeruli, eight different kinds of processes surround the primary endings. These include three kinds of dendritic processes, two kinds of axonal end ...
Antagonistic roles of Wnt5 and the Drl receptor in patterning the
... the formation of ectopic glomeruli at the midline. wnt5 is necessary for antennal lobe structure To determine whether wnt5 normally functions in the antennal lobes, we examined the antennal lobes of the wnt5400 null mutant (Fig. 1c), which is homozygous viable21. In the wnt5400 mutant expressing GFP ...
... the formation of ectopic glomeruli at the midline. wnt5 is necessary for antennal lobe structure To determine whether wnt5 normally functions in the antennal lobes, we examined the antennal lobes of the wnt5400 null mutant (Fig. 1c), which is homozygous viable21. In the wnt5400 mutant expressing GFP ...
Sequence of information processing for emotions based on the
... posterior medial cortices, and the sparsest in anterior lateral prefrontal areas, especially area 10. Prefrontal projection neurons directed to the amygdala originated in layer 5, but significant numbers were also found in layers 2 and 3 in posterior medial and orbitofrontal cortices. Amygdalar axon ...
... posterior medial cortices, and the sparsest in anterior lateral prefrontal areas, especially area 10. Prefrontal projection neurons directed to the amygdala originated in layer 5, but significant numbers were also found in layers 2 and 3 in posterior medial and orbitofrontal cortices. Amygdalar axon ...
Effects of Reversible Inactivation of the Primate Mesencephalic
... Waitzman, David M., Valentine L. Silakov, Stacy DePalmaBowles, and Amanda S. Ayers. Effects of reversible inactivation of the primate mesencephalic reticular formation. I. Hypermetric goaldirected saccades. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2260 –2284, 2000. Singleneuron recording and electrical microstimulation ...
... Waitzman, David M., Valentine L. Silakov, Stacy DePalmaBowles, and Amanda S. Ayers. Effects of reversible inactivation of the primate mesencephalic reticular formation. I. Hypermetric goaldirected saccades. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2260 –2284, 2000. Singleneuron recording and electrical microstimulation ...
Histamine in the Nervous System
... neurons in all central ganglia (150). Histamine induces excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials (216, 459) and modulations (109, 811) in a variety of follower cells (98). Histamine-containing somata and fibers are widespread in arthropod brains, with the most intense labeling in the retinal ph ...
... neurons in all central ganglia (150). Histamine induces excitatory and inhibitory synaptic potentials (216, 459) and modulations (109, 811) in a variety of follower cells (98). Histamine-containing somata and fibers are widespread in arthropod brains, with the most intense labeling in the retinal ph ...
1 - Test Bank
... Skill: C 26. The term “white matter” refers to ________. a. white blood cells b. neurons and unmyelinated axons c. interneurons d. glial cells and myelinated axons Answer: d Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 42 Topic: Neurons: The Messengers Skill: F 27. The term “gray matter” refers to ________. a. int ...
... Skill: C 26. The term “white matter” refers to ________. a. white blood cells b. neurons and unmyelinated axons c. interneurons d. glial cells and myelinated axons Answer: d Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 42 Topic: Neurons: The Messengers Skill: F 27. The term “gray matter” refers to ________. a. int ...
Potential switch from eupnea to fictive gasping after blockade of
... peak phrenic activity could only be compared for a subset of the preparations after some experimental perturbations. In these procedures, requiring extended times for completion, it was necessary to reposition the recording electrode periodically. Hence, changes in values of peak phrenic activity co ...
... peak phrenic activity could only be compared for a subset of the preparations after some experimental perturbations. In these procedures, requiring extended times for completion, it was necessary to reposition the recording electrode periodically. Hence, changes in values of peak phrenic activity co ...
Prefrontal Cortex Activity during Flexible Categorization
... tation (100 – 600 ms after sample onset), memory delay (300 –1100 ms 45, 46, and 12). Isolated neurons were not prescreened for task-related after sample offset), and test image presentation [100 ms after test onset activity such as stimulus or category sensitivity. Rather, we recorded to 2 SDs befo ...
... tation (100 – 600 ms after sample onset), memory delay (300 –1100 ms 45, 46, and 12). Isolated neurons were not prescreened for task-related after sample offset), and test image presentation [100 ms after test onset activity such as stimulus or category sensitivity. Rather, we recorded to 2 SDs befo ...
Enteric Glia - Department of Physiology
... “second brain,” known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), resides within the walls of the intestines and controls the ongoing activities of the gastrointestinal tract. The entire circuitry of the ENS is embedded in the gut wall and consists of aggregates of neurons and glia called enteric ganglia t ...
... “second brain,” known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), resides within the walls of the intestines and controls the ongoing activities of the gastrointestinal tract. The entire circuitry of the ENS is embedded in the gut wall and consists of aggregates of neurons and glia called enteric ganglia t ...
Analysis of sleep spindles and model of their generation
... Since the beginning of EEG recordings, different kinds of oscillations were observed in the brain electric activity. Among them special attention was paid to ”waxing and waning ” wave of frequency around 13 Hz. The first commonly accepted definition of that structure — sleep spindle — was given by R ...
... Since the beginning of EEG recordings, different kinds of oscillations were observed in the brain electric activity. Among them special attention was paid to ”waxing and waning ” wave of frequency around 13 Hz. The first commonly accepted definition of that structure — sleep spindle — was given by R ...
Channelrhodopsin
Channelrhodopsins are a subfamily of retinylidene proteins (rhodopsins) that function as light-gated ion channels. They serve as sensory photoreceptors in unicellular green algae, controlling phototaxis: movement in response to light. Expressed in cells of other organisms, they enable light to control electrical excitability, intracellular acidity, calcium influx, and other cellular processes. Channelrhodopsin-1 (ChR1) and Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) from the model organism Chlamydomonas reinhardtii are the first discovered channelrhodopsins. Variants have been cloned from other algal species, and more are expected.