1 KANT ON VIRTUE: SEEKING THE IDEAL IN HUMAN
... not only that we behave in the right way but also that we do so for the right reasons. We have an indirect ethical duty to conform to legal duties but we have direct “duties of virtue” to adopt two fundamental ends – one’s own perfection and the happiness of others. The ethical duties are not merel ...
... not only that we behave in the right way but also that we do so for the right reasons. We have an indirect ethical duty to conform to legal duties but we have direct “duties of virtue” to adopt two fundamental ends – one’s own perfection and the happiness of others. The ethical duties are not merel ...
The Influence of Ludwig Wittgenstein on Political Thought
... socialised in the same society and learnt to use the concept in the same language games, Socrates accepts at face value the conceptual framework in which the concept traditionally resides and Thrasymachus rejects it. Pitkin argues that Socrates speaks from within the signalling function of the conce ...
... socialised in the same society and learnt to use the concept in the same language games, Socrates accepts at face value the conceptual framework in which the concept traditionally resides and Thrasymachus rejects it. Pitkin argues that Socrates speaks from within the signalling function of the conce ...
Heidegger, “World Judaism,” and Modernity
... parergon in Heidegger’s philosophy. “Ways, not works” is the motto of the Gesamtausgabe, and where there are no “works,” there are likewise no accessory parts of a “work.” Nevertheless it is striking that the anti-Semitic passages in the Black Notebooks allow for such a wide range of interpretations ...
... parergon in Heidegger’s philosophy. “Ways, not works” is the motto of the Gesamtausgabe, and where there are no “works,” there are likewise no accessory parts of a “work.” Nevertheless it is striking that the anti-Semitic passages in the Black Notebooks allow for such a wide range of interpretations ...
THE LEGACY OF AHITĀGNI RAJWADE
... the hegemony of Western modernity and to reinstate the pristine Hindu worldview and social order prefigured in the Vedas. In his foreword to Khristantaka (pp. 7-8), Rajwade describes The Antichrist as a book originally written in German by a great modern European sage (mahāmuni) of a Brahmanic disp ...
... the hegemony of Western modernity and to reinstate the pristine Hindu worldview and social order prefigured in the Vedas. In his foreword to Khristantaka (pp. 7-8), Rajwade describes The Antichrist as a book originally written in German by a great modern European sage (mahāmuni) of a Brahmanic disp ...
Antonio Gramsci - A Foice e o Martelo
... merely theorise reality; but what was the aim of his revelation? A moralistic aim or a political one? It is commonly asserted that Machiavelli's standards of political behaviour are practised, but not admitted. Great politicians — it is said — start off by denouncing Machiavelli, by declaring themse ...
... merely theorise reality; but what was the aim of his revelation? A moralistic aim or a political one? It is commonly asserted that Machiavelli's standards of political behaviour are practised, but not admitted. Great politicians — it is said — start off by denouncing Machiavelli, by declaring themse ...
Overview - Course Materials
... Kant will thus distinguish between morality and practical anthropology. Morality: the necessary a priori principles that provides duties for the will. Practical Anthropology: This is the study of how men actually enact their wills. This, Kant suggests, is what most people studying morality have done ...
... Kant will thus distinguish between morality and practical anthropology. Morality: the necessary a priori principles that provides duties for the will. Practical Anthropology: This is the study of how men actually enact their wills. This, Kant suggests, is what most people studying morality have done ...
Heidegger`s Method: Philosophical Concepts as Formal Indications
... Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entir ...
... Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp. JSTOR's Terms and Conditions of Use provides, in part, that unless you have obtained prior permission, you may not download an entir ...
Kant on Irresistible Inclinations: Moral Worth, Happiness
... that the Epicurean was correct to champion what was most in our control, but not anything empirical. What is rational and a priori is in our control. As it turns out, happiness is not in our control.8 Kant comments: The principle of one’s own happiness, however much understanding and reason may be u ...
... that the Epicurean was correct to champion what was most in our control, but not anything empirical. What is rational and a priori is in our control. As it turns out, happiness is not in our control.8 Kant comments: The principle of one’s own happiness, however much understanding and reason may be u ...
The Pythagorean Symbolism in Plato`s Philebus
... humankind. He says "the goddess herself", observing that excess allowed no restraint upon pleasures, "imposed law and order as a limit upon them" (26b-c). This goddess may be Mousikē, not "music" as we think of it, but the essence of Number and Measure which underscores all music.11 She stands in di ...
... humankind. He says "the goddess herself", observing that excess allowed no restraint upon pleasures, "imposed law and order as a limit upon them" (26b-c). This goddess may be Mousikē, not "music" as we think of it, but the essence of Number and Measure which underscores all music.11 She stands in di ...
"Kant, Naturphilosophie, and Oersted`s Discovery of
... Indeed, any account of his discovery which omits to mention the role of Naturphilosophie will provide at best an incomplete picture of this episode in science. Nonetheless, it is misleading to attribute to this source the preeminence Stauffer and Williams do in the above quotations. The time is ripe ...
... Indeed, any account of his discovery which omits to mention the role of Naturphilosophie will provide at best an incomplete picture of this episode in science. Nonetheless, it is misleading to attribute to this source the preeminence Stauffer and Williams do in the above quotations. The time is ripe ...
Kant`s Distinction Between Theoretical and Practical Knowledge
... Although there is no denying the importance and interest of these familiar questions and topics, my main reason for taking up Kant's distinction between theoretical and practical knowledge in this paper stems more particularly from an interest in reaching a clearer understanding of Kant's conception ...
... Although there is no denying the importance and interest of these familiar questions and topics, my main reason for taking up Kant's distinction between theoretical and practical knowledge in this paper stems more particularly from an interest in reaching a clearer understanding of Kant's conception ...
Conflicting Desires and Unstable Identities: Tensions in the Greek
... criticism could have informed—if not swayed—public opinion.4 Consequently, the civic setting of Aristophanes’ comedy provides a social context where the values of the demos are affirmed or contested within the framework of dramatic performance.5 As such, dramatic texts cannot be divorced from their ...
... criticism could have informed—if not swayed—public opinion.4 Consequently, the civic setting of Aristophanes’ comedy provides a social context where the values of the demos are affirmed or contested within the framework of dramatic performance.5 As such, dramatic texts cannot be divorced from their ...
Conflicting Desires and Unstable Identities: Tensions in the Greek
... criticism could have informed—if not swayed—public opinion.4 Consequently, the civic setting of Aristophanes’ comedy provides a social context where the values of the demos are affirmed or contested within the framework of dramatic performance.5 As such, dramatic texts cannot be divorced from their ...
... criticism could have informed—if not swayed—public opinion.4 Consequently, the civic setting of Aristophanes’ comedy provides a social context where the values of the demos are affirmed or contested within the framework of dramatic performance.5 As such, dramatic texts cannot be divorced from their ...
Philosophy as Dependable Analysis:
... landed a job as instructor in symbolic logic at Rutgers University, New Jersey. Since then, he has worked full-time as an academic, doing what philosophers usually do these days - undertake various research projects, deliver lectures and publish books. In a recent article (2008 No. 41), he explained ...
... landed a job as instructor in symbolic logic at Rutgers University, New Jersey. Since then, he has worked full-time as an academic, doing what philosophers usually do these days - undertake various research projects, deliver lectures and publish books. In a recent article (2008 No. 41), he explained ...
Wittgenstein`s Grammar of Emotions
... involving psychological concepts in general, and emotions in particular. More precisely, Wittgenstein explicitly intends to explore the grammar of these concepts. In order to understand his philosophy of emotions we have therefore to grasp the exact scope of his method of philosophical inquiry. Phil ...
... involving psychological concepts in general, and emotions in particular. More precisely, Wittgenstein explicitly intends to explore the grammar of these concepts. In order to understand his philosophy of emotions we have therefore to grasp the exact scope of his method of philosophical inquiry. Phil ...
Alfarabi`s Conversion of Plato`s Republic
... It might be also argued, as it will be clearer in the later parts of the On the Perfect State, to a possible affiliation of Alfarabi to the Shiite religious group that believed in the “Imams” a direct descendent of the fourth Caliph. It was believed to have been twelve of them. In fact what supports ...
... It might be also argued, as it will be clearer in the later parts of the On the Perfect State, to a possible affiliation of Alfarabi to the Shiite religious group that believed in the “Imams” a direct descendent of the fourth Caliph. It was believed to have been twelve of them. In fact what supports ...
A Comparative Study of the Epistemology of Immanuel Kant and that
... Section i: Epistemological Resemblance between the Two The present study begins by observing a resemblance between the two systems of thought. Both may be said to resemble each other, in the way they had been influenced by, and had subsequently responded to, the dominant epistemological theses of t ...
... Section i: Epistemological Resemblance between the Two The present study begins by observing a resemblance between the two systems of thought. Both may be said to resemble each other, in the way they had been influenced by, and had subsequently responded to, the dominant epistemological theses of t ...
As a Matter of Fact: Empirical Perspectives on Ethics
... spirit, ‘surrender of the ethical burden to psychology’. And so far as we know, neither is anyone else. Ethics must not—indeed cannot—be psychology, but it does not follow that ethics should ignore psychology. The most obvious, and most compelling, motivation for our perspective is simply this: It i ...
... spirit, ‘surrender of the ethical burden to psychology’. And so far as we know, neither is anyone else. Ethics must not—indeed cannot—be psychology, but it does not follow that ethics should ignore psychology. The most obvious, and most compelling, motivation for our perspective is simply this: It i ...
Nietzsche Against the Philosophical Canon
... has nothing to do with it” (A:12). But even in the domain of theoretical reason, philosophy fares not much better, since theoretical reason, especially in the guise of philosophical metaphysics, is also really subservient to values. Nietzsche, pointing to the Stoic metaphysics of nature, observes th ...
... has nothing to do with it” (A:12). But even in the domain of theoretical reason, philosophy fares not much better, since theoretical reason, especially in the guise of philosophical metaphysics, is also really subservient to values. Nietzsche, pointing to the Stoic metaphysics of nature, observes th ...
saying and showing the good
... – i.e., by language – (and, which comes to the same, what can be thought) and what can not be expressed by prop[osition]s, but only shown (gezeight)”; which, I believe, is the cardinal problem of philosophy.”9 In speaking of all elementary propositions we employ a phrase signifying a formal concept, ...
... – i.e., by language – (and, which comes to the same, what can be thought) and what can not be expressed by prop[osition]s, but only shown (gezeight)”; which, I believe, is the cardinal problem of philosophy.”9 In speaking of all elementary propositions we employ a phrase signifying a formal concept, ...
Princeton University Press 2009. xv + 525 pages $99.95 (cloth ISBN
... a shield to cover deceit and other corruptions that wound the rule of law. And he argued against violence by attempting to demonstrate (in, for instance, The Florentine Histories) that violence used to gain power is self-defeating and unjust. Rational and rhetorical persuasion is at least less destr ...
... a shield to cover deceit and other corruptions that wound the rule of law. And he argued against violence by attempting to demonstrate (in, for instance, The Florentine Histories) that violence used to gain power is self-defeating and unjust. Rational and rhetorical persuasion is at least less destr ...
Virtue, Knowledge, and Goodness
... reliabilists accounts of knowledge. More generally, I argue that character intellectual virtues are not good candidates for reliabilist virtues because their telos is not simply aimed at achieving warranted true beliefs. The second part of this thesis addresses an interpretive puzzle in Plato’s Thea ...
... reliabilists accounts of knowledge. More generally, I argue that character intellectual virtues are not good candidates for reliabilist virtues because their telos is not simply aimed at achieving warranted true beliefs. The second part of this thesis addresses an interpretive puzzle in Plato’s Thea ...
Hegel`s Phenomenology of Spirit Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
... always mutually exclusive? And even if we allow that its concepts are not well-defined how can we understand the life of the Absolute? Would it not be better to say with Schelling that the Absolute simply transcends conceptual thought? In fact, for Hegel this problem does arise at the level of under ...
... always mutually exclusive? And even if we allow that its concepts are not well-defined how can we understand the life of the Absolute? Would it not be better to say with Schelling that the Absolute simply transcends conceptual thought? In fact, for Hegel this problem does arise at the level of under ...
MARTIN HEIDEGGER Being, Beings, and Truth
... making of truth a relation entirely external to the beings to whom truths are made manifest, the latter viewing truth not as something which happens, which is dis-covered, but as the construction of an individual or cosmic mind aiming at making a theoretically-complete and tidy product. Not only do ...
... making of truth a relation entirely external to the beings to whom truths are made manifest, the latter viewing truth not as something which happens, which is dis-covered, but as the construction of an individual or cosmic mind aiming at making a theoretically-complete and tidy product. Not only do ...
D. C. Schindler Plato`s Critique of Impure Reason: On Goodness
... maintains that he is nevertheless committed to a form of relativism. Of course, Thrasymachus does not make the relativist argument precisely when one would most expect it (340d). Instead, he offers an argument from ideal conditions. Only when rulers are at their best are they infallible. Schindler’s ...
... maintains that he is nevertheless committed to a form of relativism. Of course, Thrasymachus does not make the relativist argument precisely when one would most expect it (340d). Instead, he offers an argument from ideal conditions. Only when rulers are at their best are they infallible. Schindler’s ...
Obscurantism
Obscurantism (/ɵbˈskjʊərəntɪsm/) is the practice of deliberately preventing the facts or the full details of some matter from becoming known. There are two common historical and intellectual denotations to Obscurantism: (1) deliberately restricting knowledge—opposition to the spread of knowledge, a policy of withholding knowledge from the public; and, (2) deliberate obscurity—an abstruse style (as in literature and art) characterized by deliberate vagueness. The name comes from French: obscurantisme, from the Latin obscurans, ""darkening"".The term obscurantism derives from the title of the 16th-century satire Epistolæ Obscurorum Virorum (Letters of Obscure Men), based upon the intellectual dispute between the German humanist Johann Reuchlin and Dominican monks, such as Johannes Pfefferkorn, about whether or not all Jewish books should be burned as un-Christian. Earlier, in 1509, the monk Pfefferkorn had obtained permission from Maximilian I (1486–1519), the Holy Roman Emperor, to incinerate all copies of the Talmud (Jewish law and Jewish ethics) known to be in the Holy Roman Empire (AD 926–1806); the Letters of Obscure Men satirized the Dominican monks' arguments at burning ""un-Christian"" works.In the 18th century, Enlightenment philosophers used the term ""obscurantism"" to denote the enemies of the Enlightenment and its concept of the liberal diffusion of knowledge. Moreover, in the 19th century, in distinguishing the varieties of obscurantism found in metaphysics and theology from the ""more subtle"" obscurantism of the critical philosophy of Immanuel Kant, and of modern philosophical skepticism, Friedrich Nietzsche said: ""The essential element in the black art of obscurantism is not that it wants to darken individual understanding, but that it wants to blacken our picture of the world, and darken our idea of existence.""