Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... For each electrode penetration, the position of the electrode was set relative to a reference mark on the skull. The depth at which each neuron was studied was recorded. In three animals, locations of recording sites were reconstructed chiefly from reference marks that were made at selected sites du ...
... For each electrode penetration, the position of the electrode was set relative to a reference mark on the skull. The depth at which each neuron was studied was recorded. In three animals, locations of recording sites were reconstructed chiefly from reference marks that were made at selected sites du ...
Relating normalization to neuronal populations across cortical areas
... the same brain area under identical conditions exhibit a range of normalization, ranging from suppression by nonpreferred stimuli (strong normalization) to additive responses to combinations of stimuli (no normalization; for examples, see Lee and Maunsell, 2009; Busse et al., 2009). Normalization ha ...
... the same brain area under identical conditions exhibit a range of normalization, ranging from suppression by nonpreferred stimuli (strong normalization) to additive responses to combinations of stimuli (no normalization; for examples, see Lee and Maunsell, 2009; Busse et al., 2009). Normalization ha ...
Homologous Neurons and their Locomotor Functions in Nudibranch
... during the course of evolution than the periphery (Bramble and Wake, 1985; Wainwright and Lauder, 1986; Lauder and Shaffer, 1988; Sanderson, 1988; Goslow et al., 1989; Wainwright, 1989; Wainwright et al., 1989; Kavanau, 1990; Arbas et al., 1991; Edwards and Palka, 1991; Paul, 1991; Katz and Tazaki, ...
... during the course of evolution than the periphery (Bramble and Wake, 1985; Wainwright and Lauder, 1986; Lauder and Shaffer, 1988; Sanderson, 1988; Goslow et al., 1989; Wainwright, 1989; Wainwright et al., 1989; Kavanau, 1990; Arbas et al., 1991; Edwards and Palka, 1991; Paul, 1991; Katz and Tazaki, ...
- Journal of Vestibular Research
... mammalian species (Table 3). Reactive synaptogenesis has often been suggested as a possible explanation for vestibular compensation; although there is evidence to support its occurrence in frog (for example, 66,67), the evidence from lower mammalian species (for example, 5 ,68) suggests that these c ...
... mammalian species (Table 3). Reactive synaptogenesis has often been suggested as a possible explanation for vestibular compensation; although there is evidence to support its occurrence in frog (for example, 66,67), the evidence from lower mammalian species (for example, 5 ,68) suggests that these c ...
Neural Coding of Distinct Statistical Properties of
... error prediction signal that varies linearly with reward probability and a sustained signal that varies highly non-linearly with reward probability and that is highest with maximal reward uncertainty (reward probability 5 0.5). Here, using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we dise ...
... error prediction signal that varies linearly with reward probability and a sustained signal that varies highly non-linearly with reward probability and that is highest with maximal reward uncertainty (reward probability 5 0.5). Here, using event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging, we dise ...
The Reorganization of Primary Auditory Cortex by Invasion of
... involves functional compensation in the affected brain area. We are interested in general mechanisms that underlie compensatory plasticity after brain damage, particularly when multiple brain areas or multiple modalities are included. In this thesis, I studied the function of auditory cortex after r ...
... involves functional compensation in the affected brain area. We are interested in general mechanisms that underlie compensatory plasticity after brain damage, particularly when multiple brain areas or multiple modalities are included. In this thesis, I studied the function of auditory cortex after r ...
The subthalamic nucleus in the context of movement disorders
... cortex, pre-motor cortex, and portions of the somatosensory dorsal parietal cortex); (ii) the dorsolateral portion of the postcommissural putamen and a small rim of the head of the caudate; and (iii) the lateral two-thirds of the globus pallidus (GPe and GPi) and a small portion of the substantia ni ...
... cortex, pre-motor cortex, and portions of the somatosensory dorsal parietal cortex); (ii) the dorsolateral portion of the postcommissural putamen and a small rim of the head of the caudate; and (iii) the lateral two-thirds of the globus pallidus (GPe and GPi) and a small portion of the substantia ni ...
to the Proceedings
... 1 University of Tübingen, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Bernstein Center for ...
... 1 University of Tübingen, Institute for Ophthalmic Research, Center for Integrative Neuroscience and Bernstein Center for ...
The Classical Complement Cascade Mediates
... We performed patch-clamp recordings from acute brain slices of P30 mice and measured the amplitude of responses evoked in relay cells by stimulating RGC axons in the optic tract (Figure 5A). Small incremental increases in stimulus intensity were used in order to recruit individual ...
... We performed patch-clamp recordings from acute brain slices of P30 mice and measured the amplitude of responses evoked in relay cells by stimulating RGC axons in the optic tract (Figure 5A). Small incremental increases in stimulus intensity were used in order to recruit individual ...
Spatial distribution and characterization of non
... basal locations but maintain an apical contact during mitoses [7,11,14]. These subapical progenitors are mainly characterized by undergoing multiple and fast rounds of division. The non-apical progenitor populations have been widely studied in the mammalian brain, and there is some evidence that the ...
... basal locations but maintain an apical contact during mitoses [7,11,14]. These subapical progenitors are mainly characterized by undergoing multiple and fast rounds of division. The non-apical progenitor populations have been widely studied in the mammalian brain, and there is some evidence that the ...
Neuron 2013 Bartolini
... cellular ingredients are born in separate locations. While glutamatergic neurons of the olfactory bulb and the cerebral cortex are generated locally by progenitor cells in the developing pallium (Molyneaux et al., 2007; Rakic, 2007), GABAergic interneurons populating these structures derive from the ...
... cellular ingredients are born in separate locations. While glutamatergic neurons of the olfactory bulb and the cerebral cortex are generated locally by progenitor cells in the developing pallium (Molyneaux et al., 2007; Rakic, 2007), GABAergic interneurons populating these structures derive from the ...
The effect of selective attention on auditory frequency
... inputs. The auditory cortex (AC) is tonotopically organized, which means that the frequency information is mapped to the cortical topography. Thus, similar frequencies are processed in close vicinity at AC. The tonotopy set limits to the frequency resolution, but under selective attention the freque ...
... inputs. The auditory cortex (AC) is tonotopically organized, which means that the frequency information is mapped to the cortical topography. Thus, similar frequencies are processed in close vicinity at AC. The tonotopy set limits to the frequency resolution, but under selective attention the freque ...
Dorsal Anterior Cingulate Cortex: A Bottom-Up View
... lines of research, including neuroanatomical, consistently highlighted links between the dACC and motor function. Thus, major approaches to understanding the dACC developed that saw it as an emotional, a cognitive, and a motor structure (for synoptic reviews of these viewpoints and debates about the ...
... lines of research, including neuroanatomical, consistently highlighted links between the dACC and motor function. Thus, major approaches to understanding the dACC developed that saw it as an emotional, a cognitive, and a motor structure (for synoptic reviews of these viewpoints and debates about the ...
Glossopharyngeal Nerve Transection Eliminates
... FLI neurons were concentrated medially within the rostral portion of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST), the first central synaptic relay in the gustatory system. After stimulation with sucrose, FLI neurons were distributed more evenly along its mediolateral axis. Although the more medial distr ...
... FLI neurons were concentrated medially within the rostral portion of the nucleus of the solitary tract (NST), the first central synaptic relay in the gustatory system. After stimulation with sucrose, FLI neurons were distributed more evenly along its mediolateral axis. Although the more medial distr ...
PDF - Bentham Open
... threat-elicited fMRI signal response within regions of the PFC, insula, cingulate, IPL, and amygdala varies with UCS expectancy [10, 15, 38]. More specifically, as UCS expectancy increases during the CS presentation, the amplitude of the threat response decreases. These findings suggest that conditi ...
... threat-elicited fMRI signal response within regions of the PFC, insula, cingulate, IPL, and amygdala varies with UCS expectancy [10, 15, 38]. More specifically, as UCS expectancy increases during the CS presentation, the amplitude of the threat response decreases. These findings suggest that conditi ...
Dokument_1 - KLUEDO - Technische Universität Kaiserslautern
... The fundamental function of the central auditory system is to transform signals from the acoustic environment in order to extract new information. For the animals, including humans, this information has a vital importance for their life experience, orientation, and survival. The acoustic signals tra ...
... The fundamental function of the central auditory system is to transform signals from the acoustic environment in order to extract new information. For the animals, including humans, this information has a vital importance for their life experience, orientation, and survival. The acoustic signals tra ...
On-line Optical Operant Conditioning of Cortical Activity
... events. We found that single neurons in layer 2/3 of motor cortex could be trained to increase activity in a specific manner, and that this increase primes operant conditioning of the same neurons over subsequent days. We also developed 3D two-photon calcium imaging setup to simultaneously record de ...
... events. We found that single neurons in layer 2/3 of motor cortex could be trained to increase activity in a specific manner, and that this increase primes operant conditioning of the same neurons over subsequent days. We also developed 3D two-photon calcium imaging setup to simultaneously record de ...
Circadian clocks in crustaceans: identified neuronal and cellular systems
... termed master clocks, or pacemakers. Pacemakers have been identified in both invertebrates and vertebrates, in which they show endogenous oscillatory activity and can thus give timing information (53). Criteria for a pacemaker are (1) autonomy of circadian oscillatory activity in constant darkness o ...
... termed master clocks, or pacemakers. Pacemakers have been identified in both invertebrates and vertebrates, in which they show endogenous oscillatory activity and can thus give timing information (53). Criteria for a pacemaker are (1) autonomy of circadian oscillatory activity in constant darkness o ...
Test Bank 1
... c. the missing half is eventually regenerated d. it leads to permanent, severe disabilities Answer: a Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 41 Topic: Introduction Skill: F 3. In regards to the brain, the term “plasticity” refers to ________. a. easily broken or “cracked” b. ability to adapt to new condition ...
... c. the missing half is eventually regenerated d. it leads to permanent, severe disabilities Answer: a Difficulty: 3 Page Reference: 41 Topic: Introduction Skill: F 3. In regards to the brain, the term “plasticity” refers to ________. a. easily broken or “cracked” b. ability to adapt to new condition ...
Decreased cohesin in the brain leads to defective synapse
... must be strictly controlled for the formation of a precise neuronal network in the cerebral cortex during development. Smc3+/− mice exhibit excessive anxiety-related behavior Heterozygous mutations in cohesin or cohesin regulators are linked to CdLS, which is characterized by stunted growth, intelle ...
... must be strictly controlled for the formation of a precise neuronal network in the cerebral cortex during development. Smc3+/− mice exhibit excessive anxiety-related behavior Heterozygous mutations in cohesin or cohesin regulators are linked to CdLS, which is characterized by stunted growth, intelle ...
Auditory Neurons in the Dorsal Cortex of the Inferior Colliculus
... the auditory nerve. The cochlear nucleus is subdivided into ventral and dorsal divisions (VCN and DCN, respectively). The ventral division can be further subdivided into the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), and the posterior ventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN). Each division of the CN receives ...
... the auditory nerve. The cochlear nucleus is subdivided into ventral and dorsal divisions (VCN and DCN, respectively). The ventral division can be further subdivided into the anterior ventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN), and the posterior ventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN). Each division of the CN receives ...
The Olfactory–Limbic System and Multiple Chemical
... immediately perceive the aromas of the foods being cooked, but soon afterwards you become unaware of them. Two classic examples of olfactory adaptation, which pertain to MCS, occur with the use of perfumes/colognes and from cigarette smokers. A woman may put on perfume early in the morning before he ...
... immediately perceive the aromas of the foods being cooked, but soon afterwards you become unaware of them. Two classic examples of olfactory adaptation, which pertain to MCS, occur with the use of perfumes/colognes and from cigarette smokers. A woman may put on perfume early in the morning before he ...
A Systematic Nomenclature for the Insect Brain
... All the neuronal cell bodies are distributed near the surface of the brain, forming the cell body rind (CBR ), which also contains certain types of glial cells (surface-associated glia and cell body glia). Because there are few synapses in the cell body rind, we use the term rind rather than the oft ...
... All the neuronal cell bodies are distributed near the surface of the brain, forming the cell body rind (CBR ), which also contains certain types of glial cells (surface-associated glia and cell body glia). Because there are few synapses in the cell body rind, we use the term rind rather than the oft ...
Vestibular Signals in the Parasolitary Nucleus
... the vestibular complex. Vestibular primary afferents also project to the uvula-nodulus of the cerebellum where they terminate on granule cells. In this report we describe the physiological properties of neurons in a “new” vestibular nucleus, the parasolitary nucleus (Psol). This nucleus consists of ...
... the vestibular complex. Vestibular primary afferents also project to the uvula-nodulus of the cerebellum where they terminate on granule cells. In this report we describe the physiological properties of neurons in a “new” vestibular nucleus, the parasolitary nucleus (Psol). This nucleus consists of ...
Limbic systems for emotion and for memory, but no
... In this paper I describe evidence that there are separate systems in the brain for emotion and for memory, each involving limbic structures, but that there is no single limbic system. We might term the system for emotion the ‘emotional limbic system’, and the system for memory the ‘memory limbic sys ...
... In this paper I describe evidence that there are separate systems in the brain for emotion and for memory, each involving limbic structures, but that there is no single limbic system. We might term the system for emotion the ‘emotional limbic system’, and the system for memory the ‘memory limbic sys ...
Connectome
A connectome is a comprehensive map of neural connections in the brain, and may be thought of as its ""wiring diagram"". More broadly, a connectome would include the mapping of all neural connections within an organism's nervous system.The production and study of connectomes, known as connectomics, may range in scale from a detailed map of the full set of neurons and synapses within part or all of the nervous system of an organism to a macro scale description of the functional and structural connectivity between all cortical areas and subcortical structures. The term ""connectome"" is used primarily in scientific efforts to capture, map, and understand the organization of neural interactions within the brain.Research has successfully constructed the full connectome of one animal: the roundworm C. elegans (White et al., 1986, Varshney et al., 2011). Partial connectomes of a mouse retina and mouse primary visual cortex have also been successfully constructed. Bock et al.'s complete 12TB data set is publicly available at Open Connectome Project.The ultimate goal of connectomics is to map the human brain. This effort is pursued by the Human Connectome Project, sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, whose focus is to build a network map of the human brain in healthy, living adults.