1 Iodine accumulation in sea urchin larvae is dependent on
... the use of peroxidase inhibitors. The final part of this model is that iodine must diffuse ...
... the use of peroxidase inhibitors. The final part of this model is that iodine must diffuse ...
ESPE Classification of Paediatric Endocrine Diagnoses
... are to some extent subjective. However, we have tried to follow the logic of the paediatric endocrine clinician as much as possible, so that it would be as easy as possible to find the diagnosis in the structure of each chapter. We have extensively made use of the lists of causes of disorders as pres ...
... are to some extent subjective. However, we have tried to follow the logic of the paediatric endocrine clinician as much as possible, so that it would be as easy as possible to find the diagnosis in the structure of each chapter. We have extensively made use of the lists of causes of disorders as pres ...
- Repository of the Academy`s Library
... Response to minor points: As recommended, we expanded this section.. Reviewer 3: Point 1: It is well written but suffers from too much detail in some areas and not enough in others. First, the focus on the hypothalamic TRH neurons is appropriate but much of the material is the authors' own view of t ...
... Response to minor points: As recommended, we expanded this section.. Reviewer 3: Point 1: It is well written but suffers from too much detail in some areas and not enough in others. First, the focus on the hypothalamic TRH neurons is appropriate but much of the material is the authors' own view of t ...
About Pituitary Tumors What Are Pituitary Tumors?
... anterior pituitary. This part of the gland makes several hormones that control other endocrine glands. ...
... anterior pituitary. This part of the gland makes several hormones that control other endocrine glands. ...
Table of Contents - American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists
... revealed a normal 24 hour urinary free cortisol but high salivary cortisol and there was lack of cortisol suppression with low dose and high dose dexamethasone suppression testing. Given the patient’s clinical history, macronodular adrenal glands and low normal ACTH, it was concluded that the patien ...
... revealed a normal 24 hour urinary free cortisol but high salivary cortisol and there was lack of cortisol suppression with low dose and high dose dexamethasone suppression testing. Given the patient’s clinical history, macronodular adrenal glands and low normal ACTH, it was concluded that the patien ...
American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and American
... surgery, where 1 or more parathyroid glands might have been unknowingly removed or compromised, increases the risk of hypoparathyroidism after additional central neck surgery. Such increased risk may not be detectable with preoperative testing. DEFINITIONS OF HYPOPARATHYROIDISM Hypoparathyroidism ...
... surgery, where 1 or more parathyroid glands might have been unknowingly removed or compromised, increases the risk of hypoparathyroidism after additional central neck surgery. Such increased risk may not be detectable with preoperative testing. DEFINITIONS OF HYPOPARATHYROIDISM Hypoparathyroidism ...
Research
... reported childhood exposure. However, breastfeeding as an infant (without consideration of parity) was not associated with RBP status. We observed inadequate vitamin A intakes in 85% of subjects with no evident DDT uptake and in 81% of subjects with evidence of DDT uptake (χ2 = 0.32; p = 0.571), whe ...
... reported childhood exposure. However, breastfeeding as an infant (without consideration of parity) was not associated with RBP status. We observed inadequate vitamin A intakes in 85% of subjects with no evident DDT uptake and in 81% of subjects with evidence of DDT uptake (χ2 = 0.32; p = 0.571), whe ...
Beta-endorphin suppresses release of thyrotropin
... (Fig 1A). The increased effect of β-EP (0.1 µmol/L) on TRH was abolished by icv of naloxone (naloxone 10 µmol/L+β-EP 0.1 µmol/L), showing that the TRH level was (4.3±0.3) µg/g protein. Naloxone injection alone (10 µmol/L) decreased the levels of TRH [(3.7±0.5) µg/g protein (P<0.01)]. The content of ...
... (Fig 1A). The increased effect of β-EP (0.1 µmol/L) on TRH was abolished by icv of naloxone (naloxone 10 µmol/L+β-EP 0.1 µmol/L), showing that the TRH level was (4.3±0.3) µg/g protein. Naloxone injection alone (10 µmol/L) decreased the levels of TRH [(3.7±0.5) µg/g protein (P<0.01)]. The content of ...
Parathyroid gland angiography with indocyanine green
... undergoing total thyroidectomy, to visualize vascularization of identified parathyroid glands. Results: Some 36 patients underwent ICG angiography during thyroidectomy. All patients received standard calcium and vitamin D supplementation. At least one well vascularized parathyroid gland was demonstr ...
... undergoing total thyroidectomy, to visualize vascularization of identified parathyroid glands. Results: Some 36 patients underwent ICG angiography during thyroidectomy. All patients received standard calcium and vitamin D supplementation. At least one well vascularized parathyroid gland was demonstr ...
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis and Sympathetic Nervous
... Gordon et al. (1991) proposed that MDMA induces a dysfunction in central nervous system thermoregulatory mechanisms that are influenced by ambient temperature. Several laboratories have shown that when MDMA is given to rats in a 24°C or greater environment, hyperthermia results (Schmidt et al., 1990 ...
... Gordon et al. (1991) proposed that MDMA induces a dysfunction in central nervous system thermoregulatory mechanisms that are influenced by ambient temperature. Several laboratories have shown that when MDMA is given to rats in a 24°C or greater environment, hyperthermia results (Schmidt et al., 1990 ...
abnormal-thyroid-hor.. - Thyroid Disease Manager
... TBG-CD is defined as undetectable TBG in serum of affected hemizygous subjects or a value lesser than 0.03% the normal mean; the current limits of detection using the most sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) being 5ng/dl (24). The prevalence is approximately 1:15,000 newborn males. Twenty five TBG vari ...
... TBG-CD is defined as undetectable TBG in serum of affected hemizygous subjects or a value lesser than 0.03% the normal mean; the current limits of detection using the most sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) being 5ng/dl (24). The prevalence is approximately 1:15,000 newborn males. Twenty five TBG vari ...
defects of thyroid hormone transport in serum
... TBG-CD is defined as undetectable TBG in serum of affected hemizygous subjects or a value lesser than 0.03% the normal mean; the current limits of detection using the most sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) being 5ng/dl (24). The prevalence is approximately 1:15,000 newborn males. Twenty five TBG vari ...
... TBG-CD is defined as undetectable TBG in serum of affected hemizygous subjects or a value lesser than 0.03% the normal mean; the current limits of detection using the most sensitive radioimmunoassay (RIA) being 5ng/dl (24). The prevalence is approximately 1:15,000 newborn males. Twenty five TBG vari ...
Control of hepatic insulin-like growth factor II gene expression by
... also known to be responsible for a number of other maturational events that prepare the sheep fetus for extrauterine life (29). For example, cortisol stimulates the deiodination of thyroxine (T4 ) to triiodothyronine (T3 ) and thereby causes a prepartum increase in circulating T3 concentrations that ...
... also known to be responsible for a number of other maturational events that prepare the sheep fetus for extrauterine life (29). For example, cortisol stimulates the deiodination of thyroxine (T4 ) to triiodothyronine (T3 ) and thereby causes a prepartum increase in circulating T3 concentrations that ...
Prevention from Iodine Deficiency Disorders and Iodine Analysis
... enlargement of the thyroid, hypothyroidism and to mental retardation in infants and children whose mothers were iodine deficient during pregnancy [1, 2]. Iodine deficiency is the most common preventable cause of mental retardation and approximately 800 million people are at risk of iodine deficiency ...
... enlargement of the thyroid, hypothyroidism and to mental retardation in infants and children whose mothers were iodine deficient during pregnancy [1, 2]. Iodine deficiency is the most common preventable cause of mental retardation and approximately 800 million people are at risk of iodine deficiency ...
Phylogenetic Distribution and Function of the Hypophysiotropic
... attempt to determine the source of extrahypothalamic TRH, we have studied the effects of classical thyrotrophic area lesions which bring about a reduction in hypothalamic TRH by two-thirds (Table 2). The extrahypothalamic brain TRH content was unaffected in rats so treated providing support for the ...
... attempt to determine the source of extrahypothalamic TRH, we have studied the effects of classical thyrotrophic area lesions which bring about a reduction in hypothalamic TRH by two-thirds (Table 2). The extrahypothalamic brain TRH content was unaffected in rats so treated providing support for the ...
4176 metodological instructions - Сумський державний університет
... characterized by the presence of anti -GAD, anti-islet cell, or anti-insulin antibodies, which reflects the autoimmune processes that have led to β -cell destruction. Individuals who have one of more of ...
... characterized by the presence of anti -GAD, anti-islet cell, or anti-insulin antibodies, which reflects the autoimmune processes that have led to β -cell destruction. Individuals who have one of more of ...
Radionuclide Imaging of the Parathyroid Glands
... parathyroid hormone, or PTH, which helps maintain calcium homeostasis. Primary hyperparathyroidism results from excess parathyroid hormone secretion. In secondary hyperparathyroidism, the normal PTH effect on bone calcium release is lost. Serum PTH rises, causing generalized hyperplasia. In tertiary ...
... parathyroid hormone, or PTH, which helps maintain calcium homeostasis. Primary hyperparathyroidism results from excess parathyroid hormone secretion. In secondary hyperparathyroidism, the normal PTH effect on bone calcium release is lost. Serum PTH rises, causing generalized hyperplasia. In tertiary ...
Thyroid hormones and their effects: a new
... effects. When non-ionized these iodothyronines are strongly amphipathic. It is proposed that iodothyronines are normal constituents of biological membranes in vertebrates. In plasma of adult vertebrates, unbound T4 and T3 are regulated in the picomolar range whilst protein-bound T4 and T3 are mainta ...
... effects. When non-ionized these iodothyronines are strongly amphipathic. It is proposed that iodothyronines are normal constituents of biological membranes in vertebrates. In plasma of adult vertebrates, unbound T4 and T3 are regulated in the picomolar range whilst protein-bound T4 and T3 are mainta ...
Substernal oxyphil parathyroid adenoma producing PTHrP with
... surgical failure and, therefore, several authors recommend preoperative imaging to localise the condition in patients with PHPT before initiating surgery. Thus, about 5% of patients who underwent parathyroidectomy present persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism [3]. Predominantly composed of chi ...
... surgical failure and, therefore, several authors recommend preoperative imaging to localise the condition in patients with PHPT before initiating surgery. Thus, about 5% of patients who underwent parathyroidectomy present persistent or recurrent hyperparathyroidism [3]. Predominantly composed of chi ...
Thyroid Hormone, Metabolism and the Brain
... the metabolic adaptations of the HPT-axis to physiologic stressors such as food deprivation and critical illness (38). Hypermetabolism is one of the hallmarks of thyrotoxicosis, reflected in an increase of resting energy expenditure (REE). This increased REE can be measured in humans by indirect cal ...
... the metabolic adaptations of the HPT-axis to physiologic stressors such as food deprivation and critical illness (38). Hypermetabolism is one of the hallmarks of thyrotoxicosis, reflected in an increase of resting energy expenditure (REE). This increased REE can be measured in humans by indirect cal ...
Vitamin D Deficiency and Thyroid Disease Theodore C. Friedman
... minimal. Blacks and other dark skinned patients absorb less Vitamin D and need more sunlight exposure. Dr. Friedman recommends a patient to be exposed to the sun for 15-30 minutes a day, especially in the morning, to correct for vitamin D deficiency. However, in northern latitudes, little light of t ...
... minimal. Blacks and other dark skinned patients absorb less Vitamin D and need more sunlight exposure. Dr. Friedman recommends a patient to be exposed to the sun for 15-30 minutes a day, especially in the morning, to correct for vitamin D deficiency. However, in northern latitudes, little light of t ...
Reproductive
... measured and calculated values for free testosterone, SHBG measurement helps to identify subjects with excessive androgen activity. Diagnosis and follow-up of women with symptoms or signs of androgen excess (PCOS and idiopathic hirsutism) Many conditions characterized by mild to moderate androgen ex ...
... measured and calculated values for free testosterone, SHBG measurement helps to identify subjects with excessive androgen activity. Diagnosis and follow-up of women with symptoms or signs of androgen excess (PCOS and idiopathic hirsutism) Many conditions characterized by mild to moderate androgen ex ...
Thyroid-stimulating hormone increases active transport of
... transfected with human NIS, NIS had a 30-fold higher affinity for perchlorate than for iodide (29). NIS is expressed in human placenta and lactating breast (20, 26) and thus may transport perchlorate across these tissues, resulting in exposure of the developing fetus and neonate to perchlorate (4, 1 ...
... transfected with human NIS, NIS had a 30-fold higher affinity for perchlorate than for iodide (29). NIS is expressed in human placenta and lactating breast (20, 26) and thus may transport perchlorate across these tissues, resulting in exposure of the developing fetus and neonate to perchlorate (4, 1 ...
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University
... The thyroid gland, composed of thyroid follicles, is the single site of biosynthesis of thyroid hormones in vertebrates. The synthesis of thyroid hormones involves the coupling of iodide to the phenolic ring of tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin. This organification of iodide in thyroglobulin is loc ...
... The thyroid gland, composed of thyroid follicles, is the single site of biosynthesis of thyroid hormones in vertebrates. The synthesis of thyroid hormones involves the coupling of iodide to the phenolic ring of tyrosine residues in thyroglobulin. This organification of iodide in thyroglobulin is loc ...
The Hypothalamic pituitary axis part 1
... analogues e.g. octreotide or dopamine agonists e.g. cabergoline are also used with limited success in some patients who are unfit for surgery. ...
... analogues e.g. octreotide or dopamine agonists e.g. cabergoline are also used with limited success in some patients who are unfit for surgery. ...
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism (/ˌhaɪpɵˈθaɪərɔɪdɪzəm/; from hypo- meaning under or reduced, plus thyroid), often called underactive thyroid or low thyroid and sometimes hypothyreosis, is a common disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone. It can cause a number of symptoms, such as poor ability to tolerate cold, a feeling of tiredness, and weight gain. In children, hypothyroidism leads to delays in growth and intellectual development, which is called cretinism in severe cases.Worldwide, too little iodine in the diet is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. In countries with enough iodine in the diet, the most common cause of hypothyroidism is the autoimmune condition Hashimoto's thyroiditis. Less common causes include the following: previous treatment with radioactive iodine, injury to the hypothalamus or the anterior pituitary gland, certain medications, a lack of a functioning thyroid at birth, or previous thyroid surgery. The diagnosis of hypothyroidism, when suspected, can be confirmed with blood tests measuring thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and thyroxine levels.Hypothyroidism can be treated with manufactured levothyroxine; the dose is adjusted according to symptoms and normalization of the thyroxine and TSH levels. In Western countries, hypothyroidism occurs in 0.3–0.4% of people while subclinical hypothyroidism, a milder form of hypothyroidism characterized by normal thyroxine levels and an elevated TSH level, is thought to occur in 4.3–8.5% of people. Dogs are also known to develop hypothyroidism and in rare cases cats and horses can also have the disorder.