Radiative Forcing and Climate Feedbacks
... How do we know that CO2 is the main driver of the 20th century warming trend? And will it continue to be the single most important forcing factor in the next 2100 years? What about other greenhouse gases? How do they compare to the CO2 forcing? Is there or compensation of the greenhouse gas forcing ...
... How do we know that CO2 is the main driver of the 20th century warming trend? And will it continue to be the single most important forcing factor in the next 2100 years? What about other greenhouse gases? How do they compare to the CO2 forcing? Is there or compensation of the greenhouse gas forcing ...
O'Reilly et al (2010)
... assessments are in an emergent stage.13,40 This paper undertakes such a study. First, we provide a brief overview of categories of uncertainty. Then, we analyze two cases to illuminate some approaches to uncertainty in scientific assessments relating to global change. Our cases are: (1) stratospheri ...
... assessments are in an emergent stage.13,40 This paper undertakes such a study. First, we provide a brief overview of categories of uncertainty. Then, we analyze two cases to illuminate some approaches to uncertainty in scientific assessments relating to global change. Our cases are: (1) stratospheri ...
Climate Projections for Metro Vancouver
... of about 3°C in our region by the 2050s. Metro Vancouver’s ability to adapt to climate change requires specific information on how changes in temperature and precipitation will play out locally, how expected changes may vary throughout the seasons, and about new climate extremes. Work has been compl ...
... of about 3°C in our region by the 2050s. Metro Vancouver’s ability to adapt to climate change requires specific information on how changes in temperature and precipitation will play out locally, how expected changes may vary throughout the seasons, and about new climate extremes. Work has been compl ...
Modelling the Miocene climatic optimum, Part 1: land and atmosphere
... areas such as the Tibetan Plateau and Andean Cordillera (see Herold et al. (2008) for details). ...
... areas such as the Tibetan Plateau and Andean Cordillera (see Herold et al. (2008) for details). ...
SHAKY SCIENCE: INCONVENIENT TRUTHS CARBON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS
... Assessment Report [AR4]. Figure 11. U.S. flood damage normalized for changes in tangible wealth (Downton et al., ...
... Assessment Report [AR4]. Figure 11. U.S. flood damage normalized for changes in tangible wealth (Downton et al., ...
Fig. 1 - Utrecht University Repository
... Europe may indicate major climate-driven land-abandonment phases. To address this hypothesis radiocarbon-dated sediments from four lakes in Switzerland were studied palynologically. Pollen analysis indicates contemporaneous phases of forest clearances and of intensified land-use at 1450–1250 BC, 650– ...
... Europe may indicate major climate-driven land-abandonment phases. To address this hypothesis radiocarbon-dated sediments from four lakes in Switzerland were studied palynologically. Pollen analysis indicates contemporaneous phases of forest clearances and of intensified land-use at 1450–1250 BC, 650– ...
pdf file)
... Problem Statement Pavement structures represent a significant infrastructure investment that is critical to the well‐ being, growth and expansion of any geographic location. As such pavements are expected to be durable and resilient, and to perform satisfactorily throughout their service lives. I ...
... Problem Statement Pavement structures represent a significant infrastructure investment that is critical to the well‐ being, growth and expansion of any geographic location. As such pavements are expected to be durable and resilient, and to perform satisfactorily throughout their service lives. I ...
Looking Backwards, Looking Forward
... usually are to give us a good measure of what plant community existed around the collection site at various times in the past. Palynologists (scientists who study pollen) study preserved plant pollen to infer past plant communities. By observing different pollen types, we can infer past plant commun ...
... usually are to give us a good measure of what plant community existed around the collection site at various times in the past. Palynologists (scientists who study pollen) study preserved plant pollen to infer past plant communities. By observing different pollen types, we can infer past plant commun ...
• Foreward (Mike Depledge)
... ‘compliance monitoring’ and unique in that the time series being maintained by MECN partners are some of the longest of any marine time series in the world (decadal to multi-decadal). Through the network, these time series can be compared over a wide geographical range. The MECN has grown significan ...
... ‘compliance monitoring’ and unique in that the time series being maintained by MECN partners are some of the longest of any marine time series in the world (decadal to multi-decadal). Through the network, these time series can be compared over a wide geographical range. The MECN has grown significan ...
NDVI-based increase in growth of temperate grasslands and its
... vegetated regions, only grid cells with annual mean NDVI greater than 0.1 during the 18 year period were used in this study. Monthly climate data used in this study include temperature and precipitation data, produced by our research group, for the years 1982–1999 (Piao et al., 2003). These datasets ...
... vegetated regions, only grid cells with annual mean NDVI greater than 0.1 during the 18 year period were used in this study. Monthly climate data used in this study include temperature and precipitation data, produced by our research group, for the years 1982–1999 (Piao et al., 2003). These datasets ...
adaptation and the mortality effects of temperature across us climate
... use. Using measures of AC prevalence derived from the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s Residential Energy Consumption Survey, we estimate how the effects of temperature differ across ZIP ...
... use. Using measures of AC prevalence derived from the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s Residential Energy Consumption Survey, we estimate how the effects of temperature differ across ZIP ...
Assessing recent trends in high-latitude Southern
... variability since 1950 (ref. 17), suggesting that recent changes in multiple variables are strongly coupled. Many of the observed changes in SH high-latitude climate can be related to changes in atmospheric circulation. Strengthening of the westerly winds associated with the positive SAM trend cause ...
... variability since 1950 (ref. 17), suggesting that recent changes in multiple variables are strongly coupled. Many of the observed changes in SH high-latitude climate can be related to changes in atmospheric circulation. Strengthening of the westerly winds associated with the positive SAM trend cause ...
CLIMATE CHANGE 2014 SYNTHESIS REPORT Longer report
... communicating the degree of certainty in findings of the assessment process. Each finding is grounded in an evaluation of underlying evidence and agreement. In many cases, a synthesis of evidence and agreement supports an assignment of confidence, especially for findings with stronger agreement and ...
... communicating the degree of certainty in findings of the assessment process. Each finding is grounded in an evaluation of underlying evidence and agreement. In many cases, a synthesis of evidence and agreement supports an assignment of confidence, especially for findings with stronger agreement and ...
Significant decrease in yield under future climate conditions
... and [O3 ] to increase by 25% compared to the concentrations experienced today (32–62 ppb). The latest assessment report of IPCC, working group I, also considered three other climate scenarios with lower increase in the anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases leading to less elevated temperature, ...
... and [O3 ] to increase by 25% compared to the concentrations experienced today (32–62 ppb). The latest assessment report of IPCC, working group I, also considered three other climate scenarios with lower increase in the anthropogenic emission of greenhouse gases leading to less elevated temperature, ...
Climate-Related Disasters in Asia and the Pacific
... Three conceptual links would need to be established to show a relationship between human greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and natural disasters. First, it would need to be established that GHG emissions (and hence increased atmospheric concentrations) affect climate variables such as average temperatu ...
... Three conceptual links would need to be established to show a relationship between human greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and natural disasters. First, it would need to be established that GHG emissions (and hence increased atmospheric concentrations) affect climate variables such as average temperatu ...
11. Minutes of the 11th meeting
... - The difficult situation created by the failure to fund any krill synthesis proposals as part of the last U.S. National Science Foundation’s SO Synthesis Announcement of Opportunity. As krill are the central species behind SO GLOBEC she reflected on whether there should be a paper highlighting the ...
... - The difficult situation created by the failure to fund any krill synthesis proposals as part of the last U.S. National Science Foundation’s SO Synthesis Announcement of Opportunity. As krill are the central species behind SO GLOBEC she reflected on whether there should be a paper highlighting the ...
Treeline dynamics with climate change at the central Nepal Himalaya
... monthly mean minimum temperature was decreasing while monthly mean maximum temperature was increasing significantly (Supplementary Fig. S1). Similarly, mean annual rainfall at Larke, Gorkha, was 1252 mm (SD = 535). In Larke, during the past 30 years (1980–2009) there was a significant (n = 30, R 2 = ...
... monthly mean minimum temperature was decreasing while monthly mean maximum temperature was increasing significantly (Supplementary Fig. S1). Similarly, mean annual rainfall at Larke, Gorkha, was 1252 mm (SD = 535). In Larke, during the past 30 years (1980–2009) there was a significant (n = 30, R 2 = ...
Validation of Downscaled Climate Change Scenarios of
... seeks to understand how the local climate will change, how it can exacerbate/ ameliorate conditions in relation to agricultural production and what actions can/can not be taken at the local scale to mitigate impacts. Validation of climate models is an important task before outputs of Global Circulat ...
... seeks to understand how the local climate will change, how it can exacerbate/ ameliorate conditions in relation to agricultural production and what actions can/can not be taken at the local scale to mitigate impacts. Validation of climate models is an important task before outputs of Global Circulat ...
Climate feedback efficiency and synergy - MPG.PuRe - Max
... Feedbacks can be locked by prescribing for instance surface albedo, clouds or water vapor in the model radiation calculations to a climatology or states stored from another run. For example, Cess et al. (1991) compared snow feedbacks in an ensemble of atmosphere-only models with prescribed SST and s ...
... Feedbacks can be locked by prescribing for instance surface albedo, clouds or water vapor in the model radiation calculations to a climatology or states stored from another run. For example, Cess et al. (1991) compared snow feedbacks in an ensemble of atmosphere-only models with prescribed SST and s ...
Climate change and the northern Russian treeline zone
... serve as a negative feedback to forest development on cold sites. Prolonged minimum temperatures greater than 68C are generally required for bud formation and other aspects of reproductive development. Successful sexual reproduction can be rare for the dwarf krummholz trees that typify the species l ...
... serve as a negative feedback to forest development on cold sites. Prolonged minimum temperatures greater than 68C are generally required for bud formation and other aspects of reproductive development. Successful sexual reproduction can be rare for the dwarf krummholz trees that typify the species l ...
The climate of the UK and recent trends
... *Schwartz et al. (2007) claim that the model error has been underestimated, and should be twice that shown (in pink) in Figure 2, thus weakening the attribution to human activities. This claim has subsequently been challenged in Forster et al. (2007). ...
... *Schwartz et al. (2007) claim that the model error has been underestimated, and should be twice that shown (in pink) in Figure 2, thus weakening the attribution to human activities. This claim has subsequently been challenged in Forster et al. (2007). ...
SYNCHRONIZATION OF POLAR CLIMATE VARIABILITY OVER
... closely follows the time integral of NGRIP (central panel) over the last glaciation (other pairs of N-S proxies show similar high correlations). In the frequency domain time integration results in a /2 phase lead of all Fourier components of the integrated record with respect to the original record ...
... closely follows the time integral of NGRIP (central panel) over the last glaciation (other pairs of N-S proxies show similar high correlations). In the frequency domain time integration results in a /2 phase lead of all Fourier components of the integrated record with respect to the original record ...
Ehlers and Poulsen, Influence of Andean uplift on climate and
... change during deposition of paleoaltimetry proxies. Here we evaluate South American climate change due to Andean uplift and its influence on interpretations of plateau elevation from climate-sensitive paleoaltimetry data. A series of experiments are presented using the RegCM3 regional general circula ...
... change during deposition of paleoaltimetry proxies. Here we evaluate South American climate change due to Andean uplift and its influence on interpretations of plateau elevation from climate-sensitive paleoaltimetry data. A series of experiments are presented using the RegCM3 regional general circula ...
On the climate response of the low
... consequences of global warming, although the ocean component of the water cycle remains poorly understood (Schmitt 1995). The global hydrological cycle leaves a salinity signature in the ocean. Salinity structures are forced at the surface by freshwater exchange with the atmosphere (evaporation and ...
... consequences of global warming, although the ocean component of the water cycle remains poorly understood (Schmitt 1995). The global hydrological cycle leaves a salinity signature in the ocean. Salinity structures are forced at the surface by freshwater exchange with the atmosphere (evaporation and ...