Cholesterol and nicotinic acetylcholine receptor
... this neutral lipid became an omnipresent and essential component of biomembranes in Eukaryotes. The hopanoids in Prokaryotes and eukaryotic sterols share the ability to provide stability and domain compartmentalization in membranes. Even more important is the intimate association of cholesterol with ...
... this neutral lipid became an omnipresent and essential component of biomembranes in Eukaryotes. The hopanoids in Prokaryotes and eukaryotic sterols share the ability to provide stability and domain compartmentalization in membranes. Even more important is the intimate association of cholesterol with ...
Chapter 4. Unnatural amino acids with caged side chains
... environment. In addition, of course, functioning ion channels are an imperative of earthly life, as any non-viral organism must maintain an ion gradient to power its ...
... environment. In addition, of course, functioning ion channels are an imperative of earthly life, as any non-viral organism must maintain an ion gradient to power its ...
Annexins: multifunctional components of growth and adaptation
... Animal annexins consist of a conserved a-helical core and a variable N-terminal region. Their annexin core is constructed from annexin domains (usually found repeated four times within the protein) each comprising five short a-helices. The annexin domain, of ;70 amino acids, contains the conserved e ...
... Animal annexins consist of a conserved a-helical core and a variable N-terminal region. Their annexin core is constructed from annexin domains (usually found repeated four times within the protein) each comprising five short a-helices. The annexin domain, of ;70 amino acids, contains the conserved e ...
12 Insights into the mechanisms underlying CFTR channel activity
... ture to highlight its proximity to the NBD–MSD interface. Upon binding of ATP to the canonical (possessing conserved Walker motifs) ATP‑binding site, a rigid‑body movement occurs in NBD2 to bring the NBDs together and probably opens the pore across the membrane. The open‑channel struc‑ ture of CFTR ...
... ture to highlight its proximity to the NBD–MSD interface. Upon binding of ATP to the canonical (possessing conserved Walker motifs) ATP‑binding site, a rigid‑body movement occurs in NBD2 to bring the NBDs together and probably opens the pore across the membrane. The open‑channel struc‑ ture of CFTR ...
Lipid Characterization of an Enriched Plasma Membrane
... Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 high salinity. It is generally accepted that the high NaCl concentrations in which Dunaliella lives would disrupt membrane processes in the majority of organisms by inhibiting enzyme activities and disordering membrane structure. Cytopla ...
... Department of Botany, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78713 high salinity. It is generally accepted that the high NaCl concentrations in which Dunaliella lives would disrupt membrane processes in the majority of organisms by inhibiting enzyme activities and disordering membrane structure. Cytopla ...
REVIEWS
... below) 8 and pleckstrin homology (PH) 9 domains. C1 domains are considered ‘honorary’ phospholipidbinding domains here, as their physiological binding target (diacylglycerol (DAG)) is one phosphate group short of qualifying as a phospholipid. Fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP), the target-spec ...
... below) 8 and pleckstrin homology (PH) 9 domains. C1 domains are considered ‘honorary’ phospholipidbinding domains here, as their physiological binding target (diacylglycerol (DAG)) is one phosphate group short of qualifying as a phospholipid. Fused to green fluorescent protein (GFP), the target-spec ...
Journal of Bacteriology 186:
... pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease. This study examined the relationship between membrane characteristics and colony morphology in a few selected opaque-transparent couples of S. pneumoniae strains carrying different capsular types. Membrane fluidity was determined on the basis of intermolecular e ...
... pathogenesis of pneumococcal disease. This study examined the relationship between membrane characteristics and colony morphology in a few selected opaque-transparent couples of S. pneumoniae strains carrying different capsular types. Membrane fluidity was determined on the basis of intermolecular e ...
book - Electrophysiology of the Neuron
... When there are high levels of neuronal activity in real neural systems, the concentrations of some ions can change significantly in the region just inside or outside the membrane for a brief period of time. The free Ca++ concentration inside the cell is kept very low (approximately 50-100 nM) throug ...
... When there are high levels of neuronal activity in real neural systems, the concentrations of some ions can change significantly in the region just inside or outside the membrane for a brief period of time. The free Ca++ concentration inside the cell is kept very low (approximately 50-100 nM) throug ...
free!
... When there are high levels of neuronal activity in real neural systems, the concentrations of some ions can change significantly in the region just inside or outside the membrane for a brief period of time. The free Ca++ concentration inside the cell is kept very low (approximately 50-100 nM) throug ...
... When there are high levels of neuronal activity in real neural systems, the concentrations of some ions can change significantly in the region just inside or outside the membrane for a brief period of time. The free Ca++ concentration inside the cell is kept very low (approximately 50-100 nM) throug ...
Cytoplasmatic Bacterial Membrane Responses to Environmental
... observe an increase of the proportion of long-chain and saturated fatty acids within the membrane. Conversely, short-chain, branched and saturated short chain fatty acids are preferred at lower temperature, as cooler temperatures act to solidify the membrane [13, 17, 36]. At low temperature bacteria ...
... observe an increase of the proportion of long-chain and saturated fatty acids within the membrane. Conversely, short-chain, branched and saturated short chain fatty acids are preferred at lower temperature, as cooler temperatures act to solidify the membrane [13, 17, 36]. At low temperature bacteria ...
Interaction between G proteins and accessory в subunits in
... differences due to the inactivation rate. The only exception was the steady-state inactivation protocol, where currents were measured at their peak within 100 ms, since no G protein involvement was studied. All values are means ± s.e.m., and statistical significances were determined by Student’s t t ...
... differences due to the inactivation rate. The only exception was the steady-state inactivation protocol, where currents were measured at their peak within 100 ms, since no G protein involvement was studied. All values are means ± s.e.m., and statistical significances were determined by Student’s t t ...
Quantifying the dynamic interactions between a clathrin-coated pit and cargo molecules
... the actual distance from the coverslip. To overcome these problems, the recruitment kinetics of clathrin and AP-2 adaptor complex was previously studied using a combination of TIRF and epifluorescence illumination (19). It was found that when ensemble averaging is obtained by aligning the CCP traject ...
... the actual distance from the coverslip. To overcome these problems, the recruitment kinetics of clathrin and AP-2 adaptor complex was previously studied using a combination of TIRF and epifluorescence illumination (19). It was found that when ensemble averaging is obtained by aligning the CCP traject ...
Cell-Free Synthesis for Analyzing the Membrane
... protein modifications since the system is derived from eukaryotic cells. The system, however, is not suitable for the production of large quantities of protein. Yields of protein obtained with this method will be only in the picomole range. In addition, the standard cell-free translation system will ...
... protein modifications since the system is derived from eukaryotic cells. The system, however, is not suitable for the production of large quantities of protein. Yields of protein obtained with this method will be only in the picomole range. In addition, the standard cell-free translation system will ...
Differential Excitability Modulation of Striatal Medium Neuron
... models selectively increases spike generation in striatopallidal MSNs (Mallet et al., 2006). In addition, D2 receptors also negatively couple to voltage dependent Cav1.3 Ca 2⫹ channels in striatopallidal MSNs (Olson et al., 2005), suggesting that the combination of these effects might lead to increa ...
... models selectively increases spike generation in striatopallidal MSNs (Mallet et al., 2006). In addition, D2 receptors also negatively couple to voltage dependent Cav1.3 Ca 2⫹ channels in striatopallidal MSNs (Olson et al., 2005), suggesting that the combination of these effects might lead to increa ...
This Article Abstract Full Text (PDF) Alert me when this article is cited
... WzcCPS include the site(s) of phosphorylation of the protein and that phosphorylation at this site is essential for assembly of HMW K30 CPS (43). This C-terminal region is tyrosine rich, with seven tyrosine residues in the last 17 amino acids. Similar features were reported for a number of Wzc homol ...
... WzcCPS include the site(s) of phosphorylation of the protein and that phosphorylation at this site is essential for assembly of HMW K30 CPS (43). This C-terminal region is tyrosine rich, with seven tyrosine residues in the last 17 amino acids. Similar features were reported for a number of Wzc homol ...
Structure and mechanism of ATP-dependent phospholipid transporters
... Major conclusions: Both protein families hydrolyze ATP, although they employ different mechanisms to use it, and have a comparable size with twelve transmembrane segments in the functional unit. Further, despite differences in overall architecture, both appear to operate by an alternating access mec ...
... Major conclusions: Both protein families hydrolyze ATP, although they employ different mechanisms to use it, and have a comparable size with twelve transmembrane segments in the functional unit. Further, despite differences in overall architecture, both appear to operate by an alternating access mec ...
Neuronal polarity: an evolutionary perspective
... systems. The topic we address here is when the key aspects of neuronal polarity evolved. All neurons have a central cell body with thin processes that extend from it to cover long distances, and they also all rely on voltage-gated ion channels to propagate signals along their length. The most famili ...
... systems. The topic we address here is when the key aspects of neuronal polarity evolved. All neurons have a central cell body with thin processes that extend from it to cover long distances, and they also all rely on voltage-gated ion channels to propagate signals along their length. The most famili ...
Glycerolipid transfer for the building of membranes in plant cells.
... ER [for a review see 2]. An acyl-ACP thioesterase, localized in the inner envelope membrane, can hydrolyze acyl-ACP and release free fatty acids. Free fatty acids released from the inner envelope are channelled to the outer envelope, possibly via the At1g54350 ABC transporter and reactivated to acy ...
... ER [for a review see 2]. An acyl-ACP thioesterase, localized in the inner envelope membrane, can hydrolyze acyl-ACP and release free fatty acids. Free fatty acids released from the inner envelope are channelled to the outer envelope, possibly via the At1g54350 ABC transporter and reactivated to acy ...
Concentration Dependent Different Action of Tamoxifen on
... TAM and derivatives have been shown to protect biological membranes, and membrane-model systems such as liposomes, against free radical mediated lipid peroxidation. Observation of this protective action of TAM and its derivatives can be attributed to molecular modulation of the membrane environment ...
... TAM and derivatives have been shown to protect biological membranes, and membrane-model systems such as liposomes, against free radical mediated lipid peroxidation. Observation of this protective action of TAM and its derivatives can be attributed to molecular modulation of the membrane environment ...
Nerve growth factor and nociception: from
... which lasted for several days. Interestingly, heat and mechanical hyperalgesia appeared to be mechanistically distinct as heat hyperalgesia appeared within minutes, whereas mechanical hyperalgesia first became apparent around 7 hours after the injection, becoming maximal and sustained at 24 hours (L ...
... which lasted for several days. Interestingly, heat and mechanical hyperalgesia appeared to be mechanistically distinct as heat hyperalgesia appeared within minutes, whereas mechanical hyperalgesia first became apparent around 7 hours after the injection, becoming maximal and sustained at 24 hours (L ...
Print - Circulation
... Experiments of this type reveal that the various subunits modulate sensitivity to dihydropyridine agonists, kinetics, and voltage dependence of activation and inactivation. The broad conclusion is that all subunits are required before the channel can fully express its native properties, although it ...
... Experiments of this type reveal that the various subunits modulate sensitivity to dihydropyridine agonists, kinetics, and voltage dependence of activation and inactivation. The broad conclusion is that all subunits are required before the channel can fully express its native properties, although it ...
Active Hair Bundle Movements and the Cochlear Amplifier
... is organized tonotopically with a high frequency basal region and a low frequency apical region. A variety of mechanical and electrical mechanisms are involved in establishing the tonotopic organization of the cochlea. These mechanisms can vary between species, but there are some fundamental similar ...
... is organized tonotopically with a high frequency basal region and a low frequency apical region. A variety of mechanical and electrical mechanisms are involved in establishing the tonotopic organization of the cochlea. These mechanisms can vary between species, but there are some fundamental similar ...
Membrane Topology of Cytochrome P450 2B4 in
... terminal residues 2–27, with phospholipid monolayer membrane mimics. The LB technique allows one to form highly ordered amphiphilic lipid monolayers at the air–water interface which can be used to study the interaction of proteins and phospholipids without the need forfluorescent tags or synthetic ...
... terminal residues 2–27, with phospholipid monolayer membrane mimics. The LB technique allows one to form highly ordered amphiphilic lipid monolayers at the air–water interface which can be used to study the interaction of proteins and phospholipids without the need forfluorescent tags or synthetic ...
Rapid Method For Transmission Electron Microscope Study Of
... were used in their studies are more complex and thicker compare to the bacteria that we used in this study. Therefore, the penetration and effects of the GA would be harsh for the bacteria, if they were exposed for a longer time as in the SMTEM. Even though the GA was exposed shorter time in the RMT ...
... were used in their studies are more complex and thicker compare to the bacteria that we used in this study. Therefore, the penetration and effects of the GA would be harsh for the bacteria, if they were exposed for a longer time as in the SMTEM. Even though the GA was exposed shorter time in the RMT ...
Mechanosensitive channels
Mechanosensitive channels or mechanosensitive ion channels are membrane proteins capable of responding to mechanical stress over a wide dynamic range of external mechanical stimuli. They are found in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The channels vary in selectivity for the permeating ions from nonselective between anions and cations in bacteria, to cation selective allowing passage Ca2+, K+ and Na+ in eukaryotes, and highly selective K+ channels in bacteria and eukaryotes.All organisms, and apparently all cell types, sense and respond to mechanical stimuli. MSCs function as mechanotransducers capable of generating both electrical and ion flux signals as a response to external or internal stimuli. Under extreme turgor in bacteria, non selective MSCs such as MSCL and MSCS serve as safety valves to prevent lysis. In specialized cells of the higher organisms, other types of MSCs are probably the basis of the senses of hearing and touch and sense the stress needed for muscular coordination. However, none of these channels have been cloned. MSCs also allow plants to distinguish up from down by sensing the force of gravity. MSCs are not pressure-sensitive, but sensitive to local stress, most likely tension in the surrounding lipid bilayer.